气候变化下的关中地区城市灌丛地被群落固碳效益提升策略研究

With the rapid urbanization process of Guanzhong area, urban ecological imbalances and heat island effect more and more serious. This project aims at the problem of carbon fixation in urban green land in Guanzhong region. Taking natural and artificial plant communities in Xi'an and the surrounding areas as the research objects, daily carbon fixation ability and long-term net carbon sequestration were analyzed through taking the different time-scales as the research and observation scale. Carbon fixation efficiency was comparative analyzed for different types of plants and stratification patterns of ground cover landscape, combined with plant ecology and microclimate principle. Through field survey, experimental field experimental study, software Simulation, project practice and other aspects of research, the research conducted the model of "typical Guanzhong native shrub ground by community investigation - based on habitat patch experimental base simulation - vegetation communities and soil carbon sink efficiency database to establish", promoted the high carbon sequestration Efficiency shrub-ground cover plant community and soil improvement strategy. It expected to put forward the list of suitable cover for vegetation in low-carbon garden in Guanzhong area, carry out the urban low-carbon irrigation-land plant landscape design pattern to alleviate heat island effect, conduct landscape low carbon index evaluation and analysis to solve urban green plant communities’ structural unity and plaque fragmentation, provide a scientific basis and practical guidance for constructing a green carbon sink network..As a significant part of the physical environment of the city, urban microclimate is affected by the urban form and the urban space layout; thus, forming the different types of microclimate regulation mechanism in different urban space. In the same environment, the urban microclimate is affected by the different construction of landscape architecture design, which formed different characteristic of urban microclimate of landscape. It could obviously not only improve the people comfort index, but also influence the habitat and communities’ succession of in urban green space, furthermore advance the quality of urban ecological system. The paper promoted the urban microclimate of landscape approach based on site habitat-design from the perspective of protection and restoration of urban biodiversity. Through using the adaptive site design elements to affect the habitat microclimatic factors, as sunshine factor, wind factor, water factor, it could direct the plant landscape design, construct suitable habitat-site microclimatic for plant community, and elevate diversity of urban green space.

随着关中地区城市化进程的迅速推进，城市生态失衡、热岛效应现象越来越严重。本项目针对关中地区城市园林绿地的碳汇作用问题，以西安及周边地区自然群落与人工地被群落作为研究对象，以不同时间跨度为研究和观测尺度，开展关中本土灌丛–地被植物群落日固碳能力和长期净固碳能力研究。比较分析不同种类植物和复层结构模式的地被群落景观的固碳效能，结合植物生态学与小气候原理，通过现场勘测、实验田实验性研究、Python+scikit-learn软件模拟、项目实践等研究环节，采取“典型关中本土灌丛–地被群落调研—生境斑块的试验基地模拟—植被群落与土壤碳汇效能数据库建立”的模式，筛选具有较高固碳效能的灌丛–地被植物群落类型与土壤改良措施。提出适宜关中地区低碳园林建设的地被植物群落名录与缓解热岛效应的城市低碳灌丛–地被植物低碳景观设计模式，解决城市植物群落结构单一性与斑块破碎化，为绿色碳汇网络构建提供科学依据与实践指导。

面对关中自然条件下城市生态与双碳建设需求，针对建成环境生态可实践性知识创新的前沿问题。比较分析不同种类植物和复层结构模式的地被群落景观的固碳效能，以实验性研究方法提出场地高固碳植物名录、植物群落高固碳型组构设计模式优化策略，初步建立碳效应绩效评价方法及智慧平台，进而以实践应用转化研究成果，服务地区人居环境健康发展。研究主要分为以下四方面。.第一，基于前期已建成的实验基地与调研，构建适宜性植物群落数据库，提出适宜关中地区56种高固碳型植物群落的名录。通过场地测绘、群落观测与功能性状分析筛选提出关中地区典型高效固碳效能的乔灌地被植物群落共24种配置模式，提出缓解热岛效应的灌丛地被高固碳植物群落设计模式及优化策略，并在白马河公园生境岛进行了设计模式的优化以验证其固碳效能。.第二，建立植物群落—生物多样性—土壤下垫面—固碳效能—小气候适应性—人类活动之间的生态联系，对植物固碳效益与小气候温湿指标进行了相关性分析，探究了城市绿地植被固碳效益与温度呈负相关，与相对湿度无相关性，与太阳辐射呈显著的正相关性。.第三，通过invest软件，模拟了关中地区植物碳储与土壤碳储的分布及变迁影响，测定了不同土壤改良方式对固碳影响，提出经过人工改良的土壤（松鳞覆盖物+草炭+麦麸）有机碳含量明显髙于未改良土壤、土壤含水量与有机碳含量呈正相关，探讨了不同“植被与土壤斑块”的固碳效能与作用。.第四，从增强碳汇、间接减排、服务功能三个层面，对高固碳低碳排型植物景观评价指标进行了筛选，形成了包括3个一级指标，16个二级指标的关中地区城市绿地低碳型植物景观评价体系，提出了不同场地的植物景观碳效应排序。依托“生境营造及植物群落组构的数字化景观平台”对较高固碳效能的灌丛–地被植物群落类型与土壤碳汇效能进行持续智能监测与数字模拟，依托项目对景观全生命周期中各个阶段的碳源碳汇过程进行量化计算比较，提出景观营建中要侧重高固碳植物模式的选取和低碳排材料的运用。

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