丛枝菌根真菌经茉莉酸信号途径诱导玫瑰对舞毒蛾抗性研究

Gypsy moth（Lymantria dispar）has been reported to be a main rose pest, it causes huge economic losses to rose productions. Our previous experiments showed that the roses were symbiosized well with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) such as Glomus mosseae and G. versiforme. When the larvae of Gypsy moth feed on the leaves of the mycorrhizal rose, the weight of the larvae is obviously declined, but the reasons are still not well known. According to the relevant researches, we supposed that AMF inoculation led to an increase in jasmonates content in rose leaves, the jasmonic acid signal pathway is activated to enhance the resistance of rose to Gypsy moth. Therefore, we aimed to study effects of single and mixed AMF inoculation on the growth, performance and protective enzyme activities of Gypsy moth feeding the leaves of the mycorrhizal roses. Moreover, through determining the content dynamic and spatial heterogeneity of jasmonates in the mycorrhizal roses, and comparing the results between inhibitor (SHAM) treatment on JAs metabolic pathway and the control before AMF inoculation, we aimed to reveal the roles of AMF induced jasmonates in resistance of rose to Gypsy moth. The results would provide theoretical reference and technical support for the biological control of Gypsy moth, deepen the understanding of the interactions between"mycorrhizal fungi-plant-insect".

舞毒蛾(Lymantria dispar)的危害给玫瑰产业造成巨大经济损失。我们前期实验表明，摩西球囊霉（Glomus mosseae）和地表球囊霉（G. versiforme）可与玫瑰形成菌根，取食菌根玫瑰叶片的舞毒蛾幼虫体重显著降低，但原因尚不清楚。我们推断：丛枝菌根真菌接种玫瑰后，是因为增加了玫瑰植株内茉莉酸类化合物（JAs）含量，从而启动了茉莉酸信号途径来增强玫瑰对舞毒蛾的抗性。因此，本项目采用单一和混合丛枝菌根真菌接种玫瑰，研究其对舞毒蛾生长发育和保护酶的影响，同时，测定菌根玫瑰中茉莉酸类化合物（JAs）的含量动态和空间异质性，通过JAs合成途径抑制剂-水杨苷异羟肟酸（SHAM）预处理后再接种的对比实验，阐明JAs在丛枝菌根真菌诱导的玫瑰对舞毒蛾抗性中的作用。研究结果可为玫瑰舞毒蛾的生物防治提供参考和技术支持，深化对“菌根真菌-植物-昆虫”三元系统的了解。

研究AM真菌接种对玫瑰抗舞毒蛾的影响，探究茉莉酸类化合物在AM真菌诱导的玫瑰抗舞毒蛾中的作用。结果表明：接种AM真菌显著促进了玫瑰地上和地下部的生长，取食菌根玫瑰叶片的舞毒蛾幼虫发育历期比对照显著延长，且体重降低，体长、头鞘宽减少。舞毒蛾幼虫取食显著提高玫瑰叶片的苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）、多酚氧化酶（PPO）、过氧化物酶（POD）、胰蛋白酶抑制剂（TI）、胰凝乳蛋白酶抑制剂（CI）活性及总酚和单宁含量（P<0.05）。舞毒蛾幼虫取食前后，菌根玫瑰叶片中的PPO、POD、TI、CI、黄酮、总酚和单宁均显著高于未接菌植株（P<0.05）；取食菌根玫瑰叶片的幼虫体内超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和羧酸酯酶（CarE）酶在整个试验周期均显著高于对照，而酸性磷酸酶（ACP）受到抑制(P<0.05)。代谢组学分析显示接种AM真菌促进了玫瑰酚类、类黄酮和脱落酸等抗虫相关物质的积累。接种AM真菌提高了玫瑰根系中MeJA的相对丰度及叶片中JA的相对丰度，在菌根和非菌根条件下，浇灌水杨苷异羟肟酸（SHAM）均显著降低了玫瑰根系中MeJA及叶中JA的相对丰度。接种AM真菌调控了玫瑰根系苯丙酸代谢、苯丙酸生物合成和氨基酸生物合成等代谢路径，调控了叶片的类黄酮生物合成、谷胱甘肽代谢等代谢路径。接种AM真菌提高了玫瑰对舞毒蛾幼虫的抗性与AM真菌提高了玫瑰根部和叶部的茉莉酸类物质有关。

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