社会资本影响下的农民工职业技能投资行为与绩效研究

Rural migrant workers are an important part of China’s industrial workers and the subject of urbanization. The enhancement of their occupational skills not only promotes economic development, but also maintains social stability. In reality, many rural migrant workers have recognized the necessity to enhance their occupational skills and the government has also taken positive measures to facilitate occupational skills training, but the effect of occupational skills enhancement of rural migrant workers still leaves much to be desired. China, as a relation-based society, its social relationship network plays a crucial role in everyday life. In the current urban-rural dual structure, however, rural migrant workers are unable to enjoy basic public services for urban residents, and they are not allowed to bring their rural assets and welfare into cities. Social capital has even become an important basis for their related behavior decision-making in the city. On the basis of analyzing the rural-urban differences, dimension differences and intergenerational differences of the social capital of rural migrant workers, and also the impact on occupational skills, this project intends to reveal the decision-making mechanism of investment in occupational skills made by rural migrant workers against the background of social capital differentiation; based on the theoretical analysis and empirical research of the regulating effect on the relationship between occupational skills and income brought by the social capital of rural migrant workers, the mechanism of how social capital influences the investment rate of return of rural migrant workers is clarified; and finally, system designs and policy systems to facilitate the enhancement of occupational skills of rural migrant workers by social capital are put forward.

农民工作为我国产业工人的重要组成部分和城镇化的主体，其职业技能的提升兼具促进经济发展和维护社会稳定的双重功能。当前，在许多农民工已认识到提升职业技能之必要，政府在职业技能培训等方面也采取积极措施的情况下，农民工职业技能的提升依然很不理想。中国作为一个关系型社会，社会关系网络在日常生活中具有重要影响。尤其是在城乡二元体制还未完全消除的情况下，农民工既无法享受城镇居民的基本公共服务，也难以携带农村资产和福利进城，社会资本往往成为他们在城市中相关行为决策的重要依据。本项目拟在分析农民工社会资本的城乡差异、维度差异、代际差异及其对职业技能影响的基础上，揭示社会资本影响下农民工职业技能投资的决策机理；在对农民工社会资本在职业技能与收入关系中的调节作用进行理论分析和实证研究的基础上，弄清社会资本对农民工职业技能回报率的影响机制；最终提出以社会资本推动农民工职业技能提升的制度设计和政策体系。

随着中国经济进入增速换挡、结构优化、动力转换的发展新阶段，能否顺利实现从“人口红利”到“人才红利”的转变，愈来愈成为我国经济健康发展的关键。农民工作为我国产业工人的重要组成部分，其职业技能的提升兼具促进经济发展和维护社会稳定的双重功能。中国是一个关系型社会，社会关系网络在日常生活中具有重要影响。探讨农民工社会资本对其职业技能投资行为及绩效的影响，具有重要意义。本项目的研究，通过理论分析、描述性统计和计量分析，主要开展了农民工的社会资本、职业培训及迁移流动情况统计分析，社会资本、人力资本与农民工的城市融入的关系研究，社会资本对农民工人力资本投资的影响及其机理研究，教育培训对农民工就业收益的影响分析等4大研究。本项研究依托浙江大学中国农村家庭调查数据库建设，构建了一个有特色的中国农民工家庭数据库，可以为相关研究提供较高质量的数据支撑；弄清了农民工的社会资本、职业技能投资及就业、迁移流动之间的基本关系；探讨了社会资本、人力资本与农民工城市融入的关系；弄清了社会资本对农民工人力资本投资的影响机理；揭示了教育培训对农民工就业收益的影响机理。得到了具有一定科学价值和政策含义的若干结论：（1）农民工的职业技能投资决策取决于其对成本收益的预期，当前社会资本不是导致农民工职业技能投资低的主要因素；（2）农民工参与职业技能培训的意愿受多种因素影响，总体积极性需要进一步提高；（3）当前农民工的培训教育收益率偏低，需要在多方面予以改进；（4）宏观经济下行、正式制度改革不到位、社会资本低等因素共同作用，导致了当前农民工就业不稳定、质量下降；（5）农民工的城市融入依然存在诸多的问题和障碍，其在城市社会资本的增加需要有更加良好的社会和制度环境；（6）农民工的社会资本能有效地提高健康投资的边际收益率，可以为我们在市场机制和再分配制度之外探索出一条提高农民工健康的新途径。

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