快速探测伽马暴和伽马闪耀:引领HXMT进入M3天文学领域

M3Astronomy is the name of the frontier of astrophysical observations, combining the terms Multi-Observatory, Multi-Wavelength and Multi-Messenger, along with the new detectors of gravitational waves, LIGO and Virgo were ready and ICECUBE, the gigantic detector of neutrinos started to release events. We propose a plan to speed up and improve the analysis chain of HXMT and to prepare a list of possible signatures of M3Astronomy events as detected by HXMT. In particular, the first item is to speed up the current analysis in such a way that we could provide a wider astronomical community with information about the direction of the event. This could clearly be of paramount importance in the detection of a gravitational wave detector. A serendipitous event, quite rare given the narrow field of view, could also be spotted by HXMT and in this case a prompt alert is even more important. We plan to characterize background and signal in different time windows on different time scales, in such a way to highlight immediately flaring activities in the filed of view. In addition, we plan touse Bayesian statistics, that is quite computationally intensive, like the likelihood ratio, to evaluate the most stringent upper limits in case a multimessenger event was spotted by other detectors and observed by HXMT. This refined analysis should be available in quite a limited amount of time and mostly doneautomatically; if it detects increases in the expected flux it would eventually alert an operator, that could perform additionalrefinement and validation of the automatic analysis. We propose is to characterize some typical scientific response and follow-up of HXMT to multimessenger events: whether the event is a gravitational wave or a neutrino event, we should be ready and know whether HXMT will be able to observe the event. This is of the utter importance as, hopefully, multimessenger events will became less and less rare and HXMT should prioritize the events. We propose thus to evaluate the sensitivity in HXMT band of events like AGN flares in hadronic and leptonic scenarios, merging events of collapsed bodies and other events characterized by increased activity like rarer nova-like scenarios that could produce neutrino and an increased activity in X-rays. Ushering HXMT into the realm of M3Astronomy will not only make HXMT a valid detector to help disentangling models created to accommodate multi messenger information, but, as we will test new algorithms and techniques for the analysis, it will become the best practice for current and future satellite missions.

随着引力波探测器LIGO和Virgo以及中微子探测器ICECUBE开始工作，多信使天文学得以实现，而M3（多天文台、多波长和多信使）天文学终于来临。本项目我们提出加速和改进HXMT分析链的方案，加快当前的事件分析速度，尽快为天文群体提供事件方向信息；通过分析的细化，在不同的时间尺度和不同的时间窗口中对背景和信号进行表征，从而在视野中突出暂现事件；让HXMT具有对多信使事件的典型科学反应和后续行动的特点。无论该事件是引力波还是中微子事件，我们都应该做好准备，并知道HXMT是否能够观测到该事件，编制HXMT探测到的M3天文事件的可能特征列表。由此，我们将HXMT引入M3天文学领域，不仅将使HXMT成为一个帮助区分由多信使信息而创建的模型有效的探测器、同时在我们测试新的算法和事件分析技术时，HXMT也将成为当前和未来卫星任务的最佳实践平台。

M3天文学不仅仅是一个时髦的名字，它更是天体物理学的下一个前沿领域。事实上，对引力波GW170817和与中微子事件成协的TXS 0506+056的探测和后续跟踪工作为M3天文学这一新方法铺平了道路；所谓的M3天文学是指多波段（Multi-wavelength）、多天文台（Multi-observatory）、多信使（Multi-messenger）。此外，这些事件还表明，最受欢迎的事件是用两种不同的“信使”所探测到的事件，要么是引力波和电磁波这两种“信使”，要么是中微子和伽马射线这两种信使。我们开发了一个框架来处理宇宙中检测到的“瞬变现象”，我们使用并行计算将系统所需要的处理时间减少了一个数量级，并实现了一个“触发”数据库；当数据分析系统中的条件满足时，它会向值班的数据科学家发出自动警报，减少了从短暂发作到向更广泛的科学界发出实际警报的时间。可以改进触发条件以减少虚假警报或提高其灵敏度，这将有助于天文学家对各种“瞬变现象”及时进行多波段、多天文台、多信使的观测。

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