中国线蚓科(环节动物：环带纲)的分类与系统发育研究

Enchytraeidae is a large clitellate taxon within the Annelida, mainly distributed in terrestrial habitat throughout the world, notwithstanding in ocean, freshwater, estuary and glacier.They play key roles in the milti-functioning of soil ecosystems,such as modifying soil structure, decomposition process and nutrient mineralisation.Particularly,these pretty but poorly-known pot-worms are proposed as good candidate of bioindicators for assessing environmental health and detecting global climate changes.Its taxonomy and phylogeny, however, are far from understood. Herein, the proposed contents of this study are in tri-fold levels. Firstly, based on the modern Phylogenetic Species Concept, the Chinese enchytraeid fauna is investigated in the most extensive geographic range for its species exploration by the combination of the conventionally morphology-diagnosed traits and DNA sequences (DNA taxonomy), to clarify species circumsription. Secondly, systematically taxonomic classification and revision are furthered and developed for its major Chinese genera by exploring and applying the new generic morphological charateristics. Thirdly, based on molecular data, we will propose the phylogenic hypothesis of major enchytraeid taxa by using cladistics methods, and furthermore, construct the truly phylogenic definitions of major genera and species sorting among them. Our aim is to build a comprehensive foundation of the phylogenically taxonomic system of Enchytraeidae, and to promote and accelerate its taxonomic and systematic studies and applications in China. Our available updating information of Chinese enchytraeids, including species lists, geographic distributions and taxonomic keys, will ultimately serves as for relative users. Furthermore, our systematic studies of enchytraeid taxonomy and phylogeny will found the basis for the systematics and biogeography of the Annelida, and provide useful knowledges for agrology, silviculture and the studies of current atmospheric warming.

线蚓科是环节动物门环带纲的较大一科，主要分布于陆地，海洋、淡水等亦有分布。是土壤系统的重要生物类群，在改善土质、加速物质循环等扮演重要角色，是评价环境质量和研究全球气候变化的理想类群。但线蚓科的物种分类与命名、属级概念与属下归类以及分类系统存在诸多问题。拟立项目将开展该科的物种探索、分类修订和系统发育关系研究。基于系统发育物种概念、综合形态学和DNA的分类信息，来界定物种，以澄清物种分类的混乱。通过发掘新的属级分类特征和应用，对分布于中国的主要属进行系统厘定。基于分子学数据，运用分支系统学的理论和方法，形成属/种间亲缘关系的假设，据此建立现代属级概念和属下物种归类。基于上述研究内容，构建线蚓科的现代分类体系，全面推进中国该类群的分类学和系统学研究。编撰中国线蚓科物种名录、地理分布和检索表。为环节动物系统发育和生物地理学的深入探讨奠定基础，为土壤学、植物学和研究全球气候变化等提供知识支撑。

在进行广泛野外采集和历史标本检视的基础上，系统开展中国线蚓科环节动物的物种探索、分类修订和系统发育关系等方面的研究，主要成果如下。1）在物种探索上，记录四个中国新纪录属(泛线蚓属、大地蚓属，巴氏蚓属和谢塔丝蚓属)，发现12个新种：尼洋白线蚓, 西双版纳白线蚓, 短小白线蚓, 希利柯氏蚓, 水样欧氏蚓, 老君山中线蚓, 失衡耳状中线蚓, 绣球中线蚓, 游离中线蚓, 分支欧氏蚓, 多肾苔丝蚓和扇形亨利蚓，并描述了若干中国新纪录种。迄今中国记录的线蚓科达20属108种，报道的物种数仅次于欧洲，占世界记录物种数的1/6。记录的物种数以白线蚓属最多(30种)，其次是亨利蚓属(15种)，中线蚓属和玛利安蚓属(各11种)，半线蚓属(6种)，裸线蚓属、苔丝蚓属和线蚓属(各5种)，欧氏蚓属(4种)，针丝蚓(3种)，巴氏蚓属和大地蚓属(各2种)，泛线蚓属、半白线蚓属和谢塔丝蚓属(各1种)。在调查的地区中，吉林省的线蚓科物种最为丰富(53种)，其次是湖南省(15)，湖北省(12)，中国海(11)，西藏自治区(10)，云南省和川渝地区(各9)，贵州省(8)和山东省(2)。2）新的形态分类学特征的发现及其应用于属/种级的分类修订和厘定。首次发现中线蚓属的精荚的存在，并应用其在该属的物种鉴定。首次发现老君山中线蚓的输精管连于精管膨部的亚顶端，为环带动物纲的进化历史和系统发育重建提供重要的证据。首次应用环带前的排泄管数目进行苔丝蚓属的分类厘定。3)线蚓科的系统发育关系研究。完成世界大地蚓属、苔丝蚓属、欧氏蚓属、长白山中线蚓属物种等的亲缘关系和系统发育研究，为系统开展世界线蚓科的系统发育和生物地理打下坚实的基础。4）更新我国线蚓科的物种名录和属/种检索表的编撰工作，并给出各种的地理分布。通过本项目的完成，极大地丰富了世界线蚓科的分类学和系统学知识，为进一步开展环节动物的系统发育和生物地理的深入探索奠定坚实的基础，为推动我国线蚓科在为土壤学、植物学和研究全球气候变化等方面的研究提供分类学支撑。

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