Cotton fiber is the natural raw material for textile production. The yield of cotton fiber should be enhanced for responding the population growth and social development. Fibers are initials from ovule epiderm, normally account for 25% of all the epidermal cells. The fiber initials determine the lint percentage that is a critical index of fiber product. In recent years, some key genes involved in fiber initiation have been identified generally using comparative expression profiling between fiber mutants and wild type, while no research has revealed the molecular mechanism of morphological differences between fiber and non-fiber cells at the single cell level. Now, the single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has been applied well on animals, which was proved as most effective and feasible technology for animals, but efforts must be taken to apply this technology in plants. Therefore, to reveal the gene expression differences between ovule epidermal cells, the protoplasts were divided from -4, -2, and 0 day post anthesis (DPA) ovule epiderm from Xu142 and Xu142 fl, and the Lint-Fuzz (LF) and Less Lint-Fuzzless (LL) lines derived from recombinant inbred lines of Xu142 × Xu142 fl, for scRNA-seq. For obtaining the novel genes related to fiber initiation, we intend to depict the fiber initiation gene regulation network. This project also can provide new ideas for cotton fiber yield improvement.
棉花纤维是纺织品生产的天然原料,提高其产量对满足人口增长和社会发展的需求至关重要。纤维细胞是分化的胚珠表皮细胞,一般情况下大约有25%的胚珠表皮细胞能分化成纤维细胞,纤维细胞数量决定衣分进而决定产量。近年来克隆了一些决定纤维起始的关键基因,一般是利用反向遗传学手段比较纤维突变体和野生型的表达谱,还没有从单细胞水平剖析胚珠纤维细胞与非纤维细胞形态差异的分子机制。目前单细胞转录组测序在动物领域已经得到很好的应用,证明了该技术的可行性和有效性。因此,本项目将使用Xu142和Xu142 fl突变体及其杂交后代高代自交系LF(Lint-Fuzz)和LL(Less Lint-Fuzzless),分离纤维起始阶段-4、-2、0 DPA(Day Post Anthesis)胚珠表皮细胞原生质体,进行单细胞转录组测序,从中寻找调控纤维起始的关键基因,构建纤维起始调控网络,为提高棉花纤维产量提供理论基础。
棉花纤维是一种单细胞结构的种子表皮毛,是纺织工业的主要原料,也是可再生的材料。每粒种子上起始的纤维细胞数量越多,意味着棉纤维衣分值越高,即棉纤维产量越高。本研究围绕控制胚珠表皮纤维细胞起始的分子机制进行了深入探究。本文的主要结论是:.1) 利用单细胞转录组测序(single-cell RNA sequencing, scRNA-seq),从陆地棉Xu142_LF纤维起始4个阶段(开花前1.5、1、0.5天和开花当天)的胚珠外珠被中共鉴定出14,535个细胞。.2) 基于marker基因表达模式分析和RNA原位杂交结果,将这些细胞定义为3个主要的细胞类型,即纤维细胞、非纤维表皮细胞和外色素层细胞。.3) 对Xu142与其光子突变体Xu142_fl胚珠的scRNA-seq数据进行比较分析,验证了纤维细胞类型的定义。.4) 纤维细胞的发育轨迹显示,纤维细胞在开花前1天开始分化,依次经历分化(differentiation)、扩散生长(diffuse growth)和极性生长(tip-biased diffuse growth)的过程。.5) 纤维起始阶段四个时期基因调控网络的绘制,揭示了这些过程中分别发挥作用的核心转录因子的时空表达模式,其中MYB25-like 和 HOX3 分别作为控制纤维分化和极性生长的指挥官,发挥了最重要的作用。.这项工作首次在棉花胚珠中以单细胞分辨率进行转录组分析研究,并提供了涵盖整个纤维起始(纤维细胞分化、扩散生长和极性生长)过程的全基因组规模的基因表达图谱。本研究提出的单个纤维细胞早期发育的分子调控模型,为棉花纤维产量的遗传改良和植物表皮毛状体形成机制的深入解析提供了参考。