Over 50% of patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) remain different degrees of cognitive deficits. Treatment against cognitive deficits of SAH patients is lacking till now. Prefrontal cortex and hippocampus are anatomical basis of cognitive function. Myelin injury induced aberrant nervous impulse conduction is one of the mechanisms of cognitive deficit. Myelin plasticity refers to the adaptive response of myelin forming cells. The critical processes of myelin plasticity are myelination of oligodendrocytes (OLs) and differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). G protein-coupled receptor 17 (GPR17) dominantly expresses in OLs and OPCs. It is reported that GPR17 antagonist improves spatial memory and cognitive deficit. Inhibition of GPR17 promotes the translocation of transcription factor SOX10, and enhances OPCs differentiation and OLs myelination. Our previous work showed that SAH induced cognitive deficit and myelin injury in mice. There was a significant change in GPR17/SOX10 signals. Based on the evidence above, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of GPR17/SOX10 signals on the OPCs differentiation and OLs myelination by knockdown or overexpression of GPR17/SOX10 as well as application of GPR17 antagonist HAMI3379 in the SAH mouse model and primary cultured OPCs. We will further detect the influence of GPR17/SOX10 signials on the cognitive deficits after SAH and explore the molecular mechanisms. The present study will provide new clues and translational evidence for revealing the mechanism and exploring new treatment for the cognitive deficit in SAH patients.
蛛网膜下腔出血(SAH)后50%以上的患者遗留认知障碍,目前尚无有效治疗方法。前额叶皮层、海马是认知的解剖基础。髓鞘损伤导致的神经信号传导异常是认知障碍产生的机制之一。髓鞘可塑性是髓鞘形成细胞的适应性反应,其关键为少突胶质细胞(OLs)髓鞘化及其前体细胞(OPCs)分化。G蛋白偶联受体GPR17特异性表达于OLs和OPCs。GPR17拮抗剂可改善动物认知障碍,并促进转录因子SOX10核转位,促进OPCs分化和OLs髓鞘化。我们前期发现,小鼠SAH后存在认知障碍和髓鞘损伤,GPR17/SOX10信号轴发生显著变化。据此,我们拟在SAH小鼠和原代OLs、OPCs模型中,沉默和过表达GPR17/SOX10、及GPR17拮抗剂HAMI3379干预,检测对OPCs分化和OLs髓鞘化的影响,以及对认知障碍的作用,并探讨其分子机制。本研究将为阐明SAH后认知障碍机制、开发治疗措施提供线索和转化研究证据。
蛛网膜下腔出血(SAH)是由于多种原因导致血液进入蛛网膜下腔引起的临床综合征。SAH的死亡率高达32%-67%,并且超过50%的SAH患者遗留认知功能障碍。少突胶质细胞损伤导致神经元脱髓鞘在多种疾病中与认知障碍密切相关。GPR17在生理条件下是调控髓鞘可塑性的关键分子。因此,深入研究SAH后髓鞘损伤的机制、寻找髓鞘保护的靶点,对于开发治疗SAH后认知障碍策略具有重要意义。本课题中,以SAH大鼠为疾病模型,研究GPR17/SOX10信号轴在SAH后髓鞘重塑和认知障碍中的作用。.第一部分:取SAH大鼠脑白质标本,检测不同时间点GPR17表达量,并以免疫荧光法检测GPR17在脑组织中的表达定位。结果表明GPR17在SAH后存在急性期和慢性期两个表达高峰,细胞定位主要位于少突胶质细胞和小胶质细胞。沉默GPR17后,采用慢性期脑白质标本进行转录组测序,发现GRP17沉默后存在一系列髓鞘重塑转录因子的差异表达。.第二部分:基于第一部分结果,在SAH大鼠脑组织中以腺相关病毒沉默或过表达GPR17,检测髓鞘重塑相关标志物如MBP、dMBP、PDGFR-α等表达情况,以及下游SOX10、Olig2、Id2等转录因子表达情况。并以腺相关病毒沉默或过表达SOX10,检测髓鞘重塑相关标志物表达情况和动物认知功能。结果表明,沉默GPR17可减轻SAH后髓鞘损伤,而GPR17通过SOX10影响髓鞘重塑相关调控分子表达,其机制包含促进少突胶质细胞成熟和OPC细胞分化。同时沉默GPR17可显著改善SAH大鼠的认知功能。.第三部分:采用GPR17受体拮抗剂HAMI3379腹腔注射干预SAH大鼠,发现0.1mg/kg剂量的HAMI3379能较好地减轻SAH后的髓鞘损伤,改善SAH大鼠的认知障碍。GPR17受体拮抗剂具有潜在的转化研究价值。.综上,干预GPR17/SOX10信号轴可通过促进少突胶质细胞成熟、OPC分化调控SAH后的髓鞘重塑,并改善SAH大鼠的认知功能。GPR17拮抗剂HAMI3379能够透过血脑屏障,能改善SAH大鼠的髓鞘损伤和认知障碍,具有潜在的转化研究价值。