表面等离子体共振增强超小金属簇发光及其细胞荧光标记应用的研究

As a new type of fluorescent nanomaterials, super small metal clusters (<2 nm) represent an interesting alternative fluorescent probe thanks to their biocompatibility, tunable emission spectrum position, large Stoke shift, and long fluorescence lifetime. However, their low quantum yield limits their practical applications. We propose to develop a hybrid nanostructure which contains big metal nanoparticles (50-200 nm) and super small metal clusters. It will exhibit enhanced fluorescence of the small metal clusters by coupling surface plasmon resonance of the big metal nanoparticles. This project focuses on enhancing the fluorescence of metal clusters by utilizing different metal surface plasmon resonance through adjusting the morphology and size of the big metal nanoparticles. This study aims to understand fluorescence coupling with surface plasmon resonance, to provide a theory and technology foundation for solving the problem of low quantum yield of small metal clusters and developing a new type of targeting fluorescent nanoprobes for diagnosis of tumors cells.

超小金属簇（小于2nm）作为一种新型的发光材料具有低毒，生物兼容性好，可调节发射谱位置（调节颗粒大小和表面修饰基团），斯托克位移大，荧光寿命长等优点被看做一种优良的生物细胞造影剂。但是它的主要缺点是量子产率较低，减弱了荧光造影剂的效率。申请者拟设计一种大金属纳米结构（50-200nm）与超小金属簇复合的纳米结构，通过大金属纳米结构表面等离子体共振来增强超小金属簇的发光。本项目重点研究内容是通过改变大金属纳米结构与形貌，调节其表面等离子体共振情况，来最大限度地提高超小金属簇的荧光量子产率。本课题旨在深入研究表面等离子体共振与荧光耦合关系，为解决超小金属簇量子产率低的难题并开发出一种靶向的优良荧光造影剂提供理论依据和技术方案。

荧光材料是荧光检测中的一个重要元素，其发光性能制约着荧光检测灵敏度。但是，近年来一些新兴的及商业化普遍的荧光材料存在着量子产量低的问题，是其它手段难以解决的，本项目针对这一问题，采用金属表面等离子体共振增强荧光的方案来解决这一问题。项目主要采用化学液相法制备了一些列的金属纳米结构，利用这些金属纳米结构的表面等离子体共振增强了超小金属簇及一系列荧光材料的荧光强度，并将这一现象用于生物及环境中微量物质的分析，大大提高了荧光检测的灵敏度（十几倍），为荧光检测灵敏度的提高提供了新的物质基础及理论依据。

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