大气污染对主观幸福感影响的量化分析

China is one of the most serious air pollution countries. Air pollution has a significant negative impact on people's subjective well-being (SWB), which seriously hampers the policy goal of building a harmonious society. It is a major problem to be solved to dig into the guidance relationship between air pollution and subjective well-being. The main challenge of current research is to improve the accuracy of the data matching between subjective well-being data and air pollution data and to eliminate interference from other driving factors to SWB. This project is to solve the above problems and launches the research from the following three aspects: 1. Using color image principle, the color information and air pollution prediction reaction model will be established; using visual perception experiment procedure non-air quality impact factors will be automatically removed, so as the goal of matching data of air pollution and subjective well-being at the real-time and location level will be achieved. 2. Based on the above models and methods, according to the characteristics of different social groups, by measuring people’s emotions (such as happiness, look forward to the future, anxiety, irritability, depression, pressure) changes at different air quality levels, the rules and trends of SWB with the air pollution will be revealed. 3. Considering 31 typical cities in China, the impact of air pollution on SWB of urban residents in China is further quantified. Combined with the corresponding air quality improvement targets, the results and efficiency of urban air pollution reduction measures and investment to improve the residents' life satisfaction will be calculated and compared.

中国是空气污染最为严重的国家，空气污染对人们的主观幸福感造成长期负面影响，严重阻碍构建和谐社会的政策目标。深入挖掘空气污染与主观幸福感制导关系，是亟待解决的重大问题。提高主观幸福感数据和空气污染数据匹配的精准度和排除其他因素干扰是当前研究的主要挑战。本项目以解决以上问题为立足点，从以下三方面展开研究：1.运用色彩影像原理，建立色彩信息与空气污染预测反应模型；利用视觉感知实验程序自动剔除非空气质量因素带来的影响，从而达到空气污染数据和主观幸福感数据的实时实地匹配。2.基于上述模型和方法，针对不同社会特征人群，通过测量人们在不同空气质量下的情绪（如快乐、忧虑、烦躁、压力等）的变化，来揭示我国城市居民的主观幸福感随空气污染变化的规律及趋势。3.对我国典型城市，进一步量化城市居民的心理健康受空气污染的影响。结合相应空气质量改善目标，核算并比较各城市大气污染减排措施对提高居民生活满意度的成果及效率。

针对低碳可持续发展及减缓空气污染的重大需求，立足于提升人们的主观幸福感，本项目顺利完成以下三个方面的研究：首先，完成多尺度分行业和能源类型的碳排放清单编制，并运用投入产出分析核算消费端碳排放数据，全面考虑责任分担问题；其次，基于碳排放清单，从国家层面、城市层面开展碳排放时空特征对比及驱动力的科学研究，搭建包容性福祉指数体系以评估城市可持续发展潜力；最后，建立颜色信息与空气质量模型，形成图像样本集，开展物理心理视觉实验，观察图像样本集并反馈感受。通过量化中国和英国受测者的主观幸福感和空气污染之间的关系，衡量其在不同空气质量下的情绪（如沮丧、恼怒、忧虑、快乐等）变化。研究发现受测者的主观幸福感随空气污染的加重而下降，且两者的关系呈现出非线性特征。在不同污染物浓度下，主观幸福感对空气质量恶化的敏感程度不同。本项目为科学指导减污降碳和提高人们的主观幸福感提供了详实的数据、指标和实验结果支撑。

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