耦合生物膜系统的构建及其稳定性、传质特征、协同调控机制的研究

The occurrence of diversified micro-habitat plays an important role in improving the biodiversity within a system of bioreactor, and composes an essential conditon to degrade the organic matters and to convert nitrogen-, and phosphorus- containing substances. The present project plans to construct a system of coupling biofilm by combining multi-habitat, including oxic-anoxic-anaerobic conditions within a microscope based on a kind of self-designed semi-suspended stuffings as carriers, and makes it having a diversified microbial ecological composition with enough stability to satisfy the practical demand of converting the nutrients including nitrogen and phosphorus with high efficiency and degrading the organic matters. In the experiments, integrative techniques combining microelectrode and modern molecular biological techniques will be used to study the stability, mass-transferring characteristics and synergistic controlling mechanism of a coupling biofilm system, and to explicit the microecological composition and its successional regularity for the purpose of clarifying the environmental conditions and key factors to construct a coupling biofilm system and to influence its stability; to verify the concentration profile of characteristic components in space and time for the purpose of revealing the mass-transferring characteristics of the system. On the basis of the integrative analysis of the above two aspects,a synergistic mechanism to control the whole system will be finally obtained.After each objective of the present project having been realized, a new strategy to study a bioreactor will be proposed from a viewpoint of microscal scope, which may provide a useful theoretical approach and lay a solid experimental foundation for the investigation of new-type of bioreactors.

多样化微生境对于促进生物反应器系统内的生物多样性有着重要的作用，并构成了高效降解有机物及促使氮、磷等营养物质迁移转化的基本条件。本申请项目以自主设计的半悬浮填料为载体，在亚微尺度范围内构建好氧-缺氧-厌氧等多生境于一体的耦合生物膜系统，使其具备多样化微生物生态构成及足够的稳定性，满足高效率转化氮、磷及降解有机物的实际需要。实验中将综合采用微电极技术、现代分子生物学技术对耦合生物膜系统的稳定性、传质性能以及协同调控机制等内容进行研究，明确耦合生物膜系统的微生态构成及其演替规律从而阐明构建耦合生物膜系统所需的环境条件及影响其稳定性的关键因素；探明特征物质在耦合生物膜系统的时空浓度分布规律从而揭示其系统的传质特征。结合上述两方面的分析，最终明确调控系统的协同机制。本申请项目提出的各项研究目标实现后，将提出从亚微结构角度研究生物反应器的新策略，奠定研究新型生物反应器的理论及实验基础。

复杂有机物及氮磷营养物质的去除需要多样化的微生物群落，而多样化微生物群落的稳定存在必须依靠系统中有稳定的多样化生境。在水相中，决定生境类型的重要因素为溶解氧浓度，因而可通过调节其浓度实现多样化的生境并促进体系中的生物多样性。常规废（污）水处理工艺中实现好氧-厌氧多样化环境是提高水处理效果的主要途径，而氮磷等营养物质的去除则需要好氧-厌氧的交替环境。本项目通过构建反应器内合适的水力学条件和营养条件在亚微尺度范围内构建好氧-缺氧-厌氧等多生境于一体的耦合生物膜系统，具备了多样化微生物生态构成及足够的稳定性，满足高效率转化氮、磷及降解有机物的实际需要。实验中综合采用了多种现代测试技术对耦合生物膜系统的稳定性、传质性能以及协同调控机制等内容进行研究，明确耦合生物膜系统的微生态构成及其演替规律，并阐明了构建耦合生物膜系统所需的环境条件及影响其稳定性的关键因素；揭示了特征物质（DO）在耦合生物膜系统的时空浓度分布规律和传质特征。在上述基础上，明确了调控系统的协同机制。本申请项目提出的各项研究目标已经实现，发现了连续流膜生物反应器中可以直接培养好氧颗粒污泥的现象，证实从亚微结构角度构建微生境的可行性，提出了新型生物反应器研究开发的新理论并奠定了实验基础。

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