运动学习的心理物理学研究

Motor learning refers to our basic ability to flexibly adapt to environmental changes and to form new motor skills; it is gaining popularity in the fields of cognitive psychology and neuroscience in recent years. Compared to other areas such as perceptual learning and cognitive memory, motor learning studies is still in dire need of a systematical, theoretical construct. The present investigation will build upon our past efforts and systematically study essential questions in major aspects of motor learning. In the aspect of motor memory we will investigate how simultaneously-formed motor memory interfere each other, particularly about the mechanisms of retrieval-induced forgetting in motor memory (Study 1). In the aspect of temporal patterning, we will elucidate the mechanisms underlying effective learning in random-designed learning protocol (Study 2). In the aspect of generalization of motor learning, we will focus on the top-down mediating mechanism of motor generalization (Study 3). Finally, in the aspect of the content of motor learning, we will quantify the contribution of tempo-spatial changes of object representations to motor learning (Study 4). Our study not only addresses major topics in motor learning itself, but also aims to bridge motor learning with cognitive and perceptual learning and establish the parallels between them. It promises to provide novel and systematic experimental and theoretic evidences for the underdeveloped area of motor learning and also offer essential theoretical guidance to applied areas such as human-machine interaction and motor rehabilitation.

运动学习是人灵活适应环境变化、形成或提高运动技能的基本能力，也是近年来认知心理学和神经科学的热点研究领域之一。和知觉学习、认知记忆的研究相比，目前运动学习领域尚无系统的理论构建。本研究将在已有研究成果的基础上，使用心理物理学手段系统地研究运动学习各个方面的关键问题。在运动记忆方面，我们探讨同时习得的多个运动记忆之间干扰效应，特别是提取诱发记忆遗忘的机制（研究一）；在学习的时序模式方面，我们研究有效的随机学习的认知机制（研究二）；在运动泛化方面，我们探讨运动学习泛化的自上而下调控机制（研究三）；在运动学习的本质内容方面，我们量化物体表征的时空变化对运动学习本身的影响（研究四）。本项目不仅全面地探讨了运动学习的主要研究问题，还试图建立其与认知记忆和知觉学习之间的平行关系。项目将为方兴未艾的运动学习领域提供原创的、系统的实验与理论证据，并为人机交互和运动康复等应用领域的实践提供重要的理指导。