水蒸气含液压缩过程的流动与传热传质机理研究

The vapor compression technology has a wide application prospects and huge potential for development, in the chemical industry, refrigeration industry, waste water treatment and other areas of energy saving. The study of the compression process, which the phase transformation is mixed by water vapor and droplets, can provide basic theoretical support for solving the compression temperature control, water erosion and compression efficiency in water vapor compression. The purpose of this project is to determine the heat transfer and mass transfer mechanism and analyze the complex flow and heat and mass transfer characteristics in the compression process of the vapor with the liquid droplets. Meanwhile the study could establish the two-phase coupled heat and mass transfer model and research the flow and heat transfer characteristics with multi-factor conditions coupling in the compression process of the vapor with the liquid droplets; analyze the influence rule of the compression process of the vapor with the liquid droplets on the compression efficiency and water vapor compression system. The successful implementation of this project will fully reveal the characteristics of water vapor flow and heat transfer and mass transfer in the compression process of the vapor with the liquid droplets; clarify the influence rule of the compression process of the vapor with the liquid droplets on the compression efficiency; provide the criteria and methods for improving the water vapor compression performance; lay the theoretical foundation of the compression process of the vapor with the liquid droplets. Thereby it can make the due contribution to the goal of energy saving and emission reduction of China.

水蒸气压缩技术在化学工业、制冷工业、废水处理等领域的节能降耗上具有广阔的应用前景和巨大的发展潜力。研究水蒸气和液滴混合相变压缩过程，可为解决水蒸气压缩过程中的压缩温度控制、水蚀冲击和压缩效率的提高提供基础理论支撑。本项目旨在掌握水蒸气含液压缩过程的传热传质机理，分析含液水蒸气在压缩过程中复杂的流动及传热传质特性，建立含液压缩过程的双相耦合传热传质模型；研究多因素耦合条件下含液压缩过程的流动与换热特性，分析水蒸气含液压缩对压缩效率及水蒸气压缩系统的影响规律。本项目的成功实施将全面揭示水蒸气含液压缩的流动及传热传质特性，阐明水蒸气含液压缩对压缩效率的影响规律，为提高水蒸气压缩性能提供准则和方法，奠定水蒸气含液压缩技术的理论基础，从而为我国的节能减排目标做出应有的贡献。

水蒸气压缩技术是近年来在化学、制盐、食品工业及废水处理等领域具有广阔应用前景和巨大发展潜力的节能减排技术。本项目以国家节能减排关键任务需求为牵引，针对水蒸气压缩机效率低的“卡脖子”难题，开展了水蒸气含液压缩过程的流动与传热传质机理研究，研究结果为解决水蒸气压缩过程中的压缩温度控制、水蚀冲击和压缩效率的提高提供了基础理论支撑。.本项目中完成了单液滴在水蒸气压缩过程的传热传质分析及连续相与离散相双相耦合的建模，揭示了多因素耦合条件下含液压缩过程的流动与换热特性，获得了水蒸气含液压缩对压缩效率及水蒸气压缩系统的影响规律。研究发现：含液压缩中液滴通过蒸发与主流进行热量和质量交换，可以有效降低压缩机出口温度，并提高水蒸气压缩性能。分析得到含液压缩的重要影响因素为液滴直径和喷雾流量。当液滴直径越小，喷雾流量越大，降温效果越明显；同时会使压气机的工作特性线向大流量，高压比区域偏移。通过含液压缩实验和雾化实验，发现提高流量可以增强雾化均匀性，从而提高降温效果；高喷雾流量将影响压缩机工作稳定性。减少直径和增加流量可以增强含液压缩的影响，但是喷雾流量必须具有限制。项目综合了理论分析，数值模拟和实验的结果确定了含液压缩过程中最佳的液滴直径范围和喷雾流量范围，其中液滴直径在10μm以下，喷雾流量不超过主流流量的10%，并应尽量控制在5%以下。 .上述研究结果共发表论文及专利10篇，其中SCI收录论文3篇，授权发明专利2项，参加会议并做报告4次。项目所得到的基础理论的研究成果应用到了实际工业生产中，完成了产学研合作项目“高盐浓缩水结晶高效MVR蒸发器研发”，解决了电镀废水处理的重大难题，实现了蒸发能耗不高于60kWh/吨水的经济价值。同时，本项目获得的发明专利“一种具有中心喷嘴结构的离心气体压缩机减温器（专利号：ZL201710858573.1.）”实施了成果转化，转化金额5万元。综上，本项目为水蒸气压缩技术在工业节能减排领域的推广和发展起到了积极的促进作用。

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