典型新兴病原菌在给水管网生物膜中的生态特性及定植发展规律

Legionella and Mycobacteria are two primary emerging pathogens commonly occurred in water supply systems, mainly growth in the biofilms on surfaces of pipelines, posing potential health risk to consumers, especially immunocompromised people. However, as little is known about their ecological characteristics in real pipe networks, there is still no effective method to control these pathogens. In the present study, a RNA-based pyrosequencing method will be used to deeply reveal the metabolically active microbial communities in pipe biofilms, including both bacteria and eukaryotes. The statistics analysis for the obtained data of microbial populations and abiotic physiochemical factors will clarify the distribution of Legionella and Mycobacterium in water supply pipe networks, and reveal the dominated environmental variables impacting their growth. Then, a lab-based simulating system will be used to further evaluate and verify the observed ecological characters. Furthermore, the mechanism of colonization and growth of these two pathogens in pipe biofilms will also be analyzed using the biofilm simulating system by PNA-FISH/CLSM and other routine molecular methods. This work will provide theoretical supports for the prevention and control of Legionella and Mycobacterium in municipal drinking water distribution systems.

军团菌和分支杆菌是给水系统中的两类典型新兴病原菌，主要在管网生物膜中生长繁殖。理解这两类病原菌在管网生物膜中的生态特性和定植机制对于相关防控技术的开发具有重要指导意义。本研究拟通过实际给水管网系统与实验室模拟体系研究相结合，综合采用基于RNA的高通量测序、PNA-FISH/CLSM、定量PCR以及分离培养等多种微生物生态分析方法对两类病原菌与管网环境因子之间的生态关系以及病原菌在管网生物膜中的定植生长过程开展系统研究，旨在阐明军团菌和分支杆菌在我国典型给水管网系统中的分布规律，确认影响其在管网生物膜中生长的主要环境因子，并揭示两类病原菌在管网生物膜中的定植发展规律以及主要环境影响因子的作用机制。此项研究的完成将为市政给水系统中军团菌和分支杆菌的防控提供理论支持。

分支杆菌（Mycobacterium）和军团菌（Legionella）是给水系统中的两类典型新兴病原菌，主要在管网生物膜中生长繁殖。理解这两类病原菌在管网生物膜中的生态特性和定植机制对于相关防控技术的开发具有重要指导意义。本研究主要以实际管网系统为对象，综合采用基于RNA/DNA 的高通量测序、定量PCR等多种微生物生态分析方法，分析了典型病原菌的环境影响因素，取得的主要研究成果如下：管网材质和饮用水中的余氯浓度是影响分枝杆菌和军团菌在管网生物膜群落中的丰度分布的主要因素；余氯浓度与军团菌的丰度呈明显的负相关，模拟系统试验表明氯消毒能够有效控制军团菌的生长；相比军团菌，分枝杆菌在给水管网系统中分布更为广泛并具有高的代谢活性，其中可能存在高风险的致病菌如麻风分枝杆菌（Mycobacterium leprae），必须引起高度重视；基于RNAseq/元基因组的原位分析发现管网生物膜中的分枝杆菌表达有完整的CO2固定（Calvin循环）酶系基因，表明其潜在的CO2固定的能力，这可能对其在寡营养的给水系统中存活至关重要。

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