应用地理信息技术对农村流动人口城市空间与健康相关问题的研究

In the past 15 years, there has been a considerable development in the study on the effects of urban spatial context on health in Western industrialized countries. Studies have found that the features of neighborhoods are linked to health. The spatial characteristics of migration and their well-being (including health) have also been recognized in the Western literature. The migrants in China have increased dramatically to 260 million in past 30 years. Some spatial characteristics of migrants in China had been noticed since late 1990's, but until now data regarding migrants' spatial patterns in china are very limited, so is the relation to migrants' health. Based on migration-related 'segmented assimilation theory' and theory of 'neighborhoods effects on health', we assume that there are different social economic migrants groups in urban China and different groups have different spatial distributions which are linked with their health. This project will choose four symmetrical sampling sites in north, south, east and west part of Chengdu city, and use respondent driven sampling (RDS) to recruit rural to urban migrants. In addition to the social economic and health information, the coordinates of the respondents will be recorded. The spatial and attribute databases will be set up and integrated to analyze the relationship of migrants' spatial patterns, social economic status and health. The study will use thematic maps to describe the geographic distribution of the attribute data, and apply spatial overlay analysis to visualize the spatial association and differentiation. The Tango's Index for Spatial Clustering will be employed to test the spatial randomness, with the Spatial Scan Statistics identifying different cluster of subgroups. Eventually, the project expects to study the spatial relationship between migrants' urban contexts and health status, and provide suggestions for migration-related health policy making.

本研究根据我国制度背景下的城市空间与农村流动人口特点，借鉴欧美学术界提出的移民"空间区隔融合"理论与"健康的邻里效应"的理论与方法；研究我国农村流动人口亚群体在城市的空间分布状况及其与流动人口健康相关问题的关系。项目将通过应答推动抽样在成都市获取农村流动人口，记录每一名被调查者的个体坐标数据以建立地理信息数据库，调查其社会人口学状况、流动特征、自我报告的健康状况与城市卫生服务利用等信息，同时收集血糖与血压的客观生物学指标以建立属性数据库。综合空间数据与属性数据对资料进行分析，采用空间统计学最新发展出来的分析点状数据的方法，通过主题图，空间扫描，空间聚集分析等方法研究我国城市中不同亚群体流动人口的城市空间分布特征，健康状况与卫生服务状况及其联系。在相关研究的基础探讨将GIS应用于流动人口卫生管理与卫生政策方面的可行途径。

本项目的目的以移民的空间“区隔融合”与“健康的邻里效应”为理论基础；通过应答推动抽样（Respondent Driven Sampling—RDS）获取调查对象，结合地理信息系统探讨我国城市中流动人口亚群体的城市空间分布特征，健康状况与卫生服务状况及其联系。. 项目的主要研究包括1，探讨空间统计方法在城市健康，特别是在卫生服务，健康行为等领域的应用。2，研究城市空间环境因素对流动人口健康的影响。. 到目前，研究的重要结果有：1，应用了空间扫描统计对2009年基金委资助收集的数据进行了分析，结果表明我国流动人口的城市空间分布状况与社会经济状况及健康状况有关，该研究从方法学与城市空间理论两个维度支持研究的出发点与方法上的可行性。2，考虑到2009年数据空间变量收集不足，综合国际学术界有关城市空间对健康影响方面的研究成果，特别是有关空间环境测量的成果，结合我国流动人口城市环境的特点，发展了适合本次研究的测量工具。3，根据本次设计的测量工于2017年6月至2018年6月采用了RDS方法调查了2633流动人口。对数据质量进行了基本评价，样本已经达到了平衡，同时地理数据表明样本空间分布也较好，可以开展进一步的空间分析。. 本研究有助于深化对于我国城市不同人群城市空间分布特征及其与健康问题联系的认识，有助于从城市规划与城市社区卫生服务等方面推动我国健康城市方面的研究。

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