Individual Variability in Cognitive Functioning and Brain Activity and Connectivity.

认知功能、大脑活动和连接性的个体差异。

• 批准号: RGPIN-2022-03160
• 负责人: Hawco, Colin
• 金额: $ 1.89万
• 依托单位: University of Toronto
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=763662
• 关键词: Individual; Variability; Cognitive; Functioning; Brain

Functional brain imaging has provided us a powerful window into understanding how brain function relates to individual cognitive abilities. While a plethora of research has worked towards linking specific cognitive functions to distinct brain regions or circuits, overall cognitive abilities can be related to three underlying latency factors, generalized cognitive ability (the `G' factor), crystalized intelligence (related to tasks requiring prior knowledge) and fluid intelligence (related to tasks requiring reasoning and adaptation in novel situations). While a growing body of brain research has questioned the reliability or replicability of task-induced activity of functional connectivity within specific regions, there is evidence that we can extract underlying latent factors of brain function which are both individually identifying and show greater reliability. Our proposal is to relate latent dimensions of task-induced functional brain activity of brain connectivity to latent dimensions of cognitive abilities (i.e. `G', fluid intelligence, and crystalized intelligence). We will use the Human Connectome Project (n=1200), a large publicly available dataset rich in functional neuroimaging and cognitive data, to explore latent dimensions of brain function across a range of functional metrics. We will also collect a novel sample of individuals (total n=140) enriched for high cognitive ability defined as scoring in the top 5% of generalized performance; (n=40) and lower cognitive ability (n=40). We will make use of this novel sample to validate our brain constructs related to cognition which were uncovered in the HCP sample, examining if such constructs show relationships with cognitive ability, or categorical differences between the high and low cognitive sub-groups. This work will advance our understanding of human cognitive functioning, including why we see factor structures such as `G' as opposed to more domain specific differences across individuals. This will have implications for work on cognitive enhancement, as well as understanding cognitive deficits observed in psychiatric populations.

功能性脑成像为我们提供了一个强大的窗口，以了解大脑功能与个人认知能力的关系。虽然大量的研究致力于将特定的认知功能与不同的大脑区域或电路联系起来，但总体认知能力可能与三个潜在的潜伏因素，广义认知能力（“ G”因子），水晶智能（与任务相关的任务）和流动性智力（需要与任务相关的新颖和适应性相关）有关。尽管越来越多的大脑研究质疑了任务引起的功能连通性活动在特定区域内的可靠性或可复制性，但有证据表明，我们可以提取脑功能的潜在潜在因素，这些因素既可以单独识别并显示出更大的可靠性。我们的建议是将任务引起的大脑连接功能与认知能力的潜在维度（即“ G”，流体智能和结晶智能）的潜在维度联系起来。我们将使用人类Connectome项目（n = 1200），这是一个富含功能性神经影像学和认知数据的大型公开数据集，以探索一系列功能指标的大脑功能的潜在尺寸。我们还将收集一个新的个体样本（总n = 140），这些样本富含高认知能力，定义为在广义表现的前5％中得分； （n = 40）和较低的认知能力（n = 40）。我们将利用这个新型样本来验证与认知相关的大脑构建体，这些构建在HCP样本中被发现，检查了这种构造是否显示出与认知能力的关系，或者是高认知和低认知子组之间的分类差异。这项工作将提高我们对人类认知功能的理解，包括为什么我们看到诸如“ G”之类的因素结构，而不是在个人之间更具体的差异。这将对认知增强的工作有影响，并了解精神病学人群中观察到的认知缺陷。