Decoding a black hole: quantum information theory meets quantum gravity

解码黑洞：量子信息论遇上量子引力

• 批准号: RGPIN-2018-04502
• 负责人: Yoshida, Beni
• 金额: $ 2.4万
• 依托单位: University of Waterloo
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=763136
• 关键词: Decoding; black; hole; quantum; information

Will the information thrown into a black hole be destroyed, or might it be recovered from the Hawking radiation that is emitted as the black hole evaporates? The black hole information puzzle, originally posed by Hawking in 1970s, has remained as one of the most fascinating yet challenging open questions in theoretical physics, highlighting the challenge in reconciling general relativity with quantum mechanics. Evidence from string theory, namely the AdS/CFT correspondence, suggests that the information, rather than being destroyed, can be encoded in the black hole's internal degrees of freedom and eventually transferred to the outgoing radiation. However, the issue remains controversial, and the mechanism by which the information escapes from a black hole remains elusive.Quantum information theory addresses quantitative questions about the acquisition, transmission, and processing of information in quantum systems. Though quantum information theory by itself cannot resolve the black hole information puzzle, it can provide intuition and analytical/numerical tools that help to sharpen our understanding of the question. The last five years witnessed how applications of theoretical ideas from quantum information science to quantum gravity questions lead to breakthrough ideas. A hallmark of recent fruitful synergy is my own work on a toy model of the AdS/CFT correspondence based on a novel construction of quantum error-correcting codes. The model provided sharp insights on a rather surprising relation between gravity and quantum entanglement through the lens of quantum coding theory. In this research program, I will address various puzzles concerning black holes and quantum gravity, including the aforementioned information problem, by utilizing techniques from modern quantum information theory. This direction of research, addressing fundamental questions at the forefront of quantum gravity and string theory, provides a link to active areas in quantum information theory, such as quantum channels/communication, quantum error-correcting codes, tensor network techniques and quantum algorithms. Furthermore, it opens new research avenues at the interface between quantum gravity, quantum information theory and condensed matter theory. Studies of exotic properties of black holes through the lens of quantum information theory will also provide useful new tools/concepts for quantum information theory itself. Experimental simulations of the chaotic behaviour of black holes may provide an ideal platform for demonstrating the advantage of quantum systems over classical systems. These questions will also bring insights from theoretical physics to further advance our understanding of quantum information theory itself.

将扔入黑洞的信息会被摧毁，还是会从散发出的黑洞蒸发的鹰辐射中恢复？ Black Hole信息难题最初是由Hawking在1970年代提出的，它仍然是理论物理学中最令人着迷但最具挑战性的开放问题之一，强调了将一般相对论与量子力学调和的挑战。字符串理论的证据，即广告/CFT对应关系，表明该信息而不是被破坏，可以在黑洞的内部自由度中编码，并最终转移到即将推出的辐射中。但是，该问题仍然存在争议，并且信息从黑洞中逃脱的机制仍然难以捉摸。Quantum信息理论解决了有关量子系统中信息的获取，传输和处理的定量问题。尽管量子信息理论本身无法解决黑洞信息难题，但它可以提供直觉和分析/数值工具，从而有助于提高我们对问题的理解。过去五年见证了从量子信息科学到量子重力问题的理论思想的应用如何导致突破性的想法。最近，我自己在广告/CFT对应的玩具模型上的工作是基于量子误差校正代码的新颖结构的标志。该模型通过量子编码理论的镜头对重力和量子纠缠之间的相当令人惊讶的关系提供了尖锐的见解。在该研究计划中，我将通过利用现代量子信息理论的技术来解决有关黑洞和量子重力（包括上述信息问题）的各种难题。这个研究的方向，在量子重力和弦理论的最前沿解决基本问题，提供了与量子信息理论中的活跃领域的联系，例如量子通道/通信，量子错误校正的代码，张量网络技术和量子算法。此外，它在量子重力，量子信息理论和凝结物质理论之间的接口上开放了新的研究途径。通过量子信息理论的镜头对黑洞的外来特性的研究还将为量子信息理论本身提供有用的新工具/概念。黑洞混乱行为的实验模拟可能为证明量子系统优于经典系统提供了理想的平台。这些问题还将带来理论物理学的见解，以进一步促进我们对量子信息理论本身的理解。