Understanding The Universe Through Beyond The Standard Model Physics

通过超越标准模型物理学来理解宇宙

• 批准号: SAPIN-2022-00024
• 负责人: Ipek, Seyda
• 金额: $ 2.99万
• 依托单位: Carleton University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Subatomic Physics Envelope - Individual
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=762494
• 关键词: Understanding; Universe; Through; Beyond; Standard

The building blocks of our universe are elementary particles, like electrons, photons, and quarks inside the proton and neutron. The properties and interactions of these particles are described by a theory called the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics. The SM works very well in explaining many phenomena in our universe. However there are many observations the SM cannot explain. My research program will address the following shortcomings of the SM. 1- Most of the elementary particles acquire their masses by interacting with the Higgs particle. Neutrinos do not interact with the Higgs particle in the SM. However neutrinos also have mass as was shown at Sudbury Neutrino Observatory. (Canadian physicist Arthur McDonald shared the 2015 Nobel Prize in physics for this discovery.) This is a clear sign of the need for physics beyond the SM. I will address this mystery by exploring the interactions of new particles in supersymmetric theories, which are extensions of the SM. I will also study ways of discovering these new theories at high energy physics experiments like the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). 2- The SM predicts that for every "particle" there is an "antiparticle" with equal mass and opposite quantum charges. Researchers produce and study these antiparticles at particle physics experiments. However there is almost no antimatter in our universe. This glaring puzzle is called the matter-antimatter asymmetry. I will study new particle physics models to explain the origins of this asymmetry. One of the new physics models I will study will connect the generation of the matter-antimatter asymmetry to the physics that gives mass to neutrinos. I will also explore ways to discover these new theories using particle colliders as well as cosmological observations. 3- The SM cannot account for dark matter, which makes up 80% of the matter in our universe. We know dark matter exists due to the gravity it exerts on stars in galaxies. However it does not interact much, if at all, with SM particles. Hence our knowledge about it is very little. My research involves exploring new physics models that can explain the existence and abundance of dark matter. I am especially interested in possible dark matter interactions with neutrinos, which can affect how galaxies formed in the early universe. My research will explore how we can detect these interactions via astrophysical observations. Canada is an integral part of the high energy physics community, with leading discoveries that further our understanding about our universe. My group will contribute to this cutting edge research agenda.

我们宇宙的构建块是基本粒子，例如质子和中子内的电子，光子和夸克。这些粒子的特性和相互作用用一种称为粒子物理的标准模型（SM）的理论描述。 SM在解释我们宇宙中的许多现象方面非常有效。但是，SM无法解释很多观察。我的研究计划将解决SM的以下缺点。 1-大多数基本粒子通过与希格斯粒子相互作用而获得其质量。中微子不与SM中的希格斯粒子相互作用。但是，正如萨德伯里中微子天文台所示的中微子也有质量。 （加拿大物理学家亚瑟·麦克唐纳（Arthur McDonald）为这一发现分享了2015年诺贝尔物理学奖。）这清楚地表明了SM以外的物理需要。我将通过探索超对称理论中新粒子的相互作用，这是SM的扩展。我还将研究在高能物理实验（例如大型强子对撞机（LHC））上发现这些新理论的方法。 2- SM预测，对于每个“粒子”，都有一个质量相等且相反量子的“反粒子”。研究人员在粒子物理实验中生产和研究这些抗颗粒。但是，我们宇宙中几乎没有反物质。这个明显的拼图称为物质抗敌人的不对称性。我将研究新的粒子物理模型，以解释这种不对称的起源。我将研究的一种新物理模型之一将将物质术的不对称产生与给中微子质量的物理学联系起来。我还将探索使用粒子壁和宇宙学观察发现这些新理论的方法。 3- SM无法解释暗物质，这占我们宇宙中物质的80％。我们知道由于它在星系中的星星上施加的重力而存在暗物质。但是，它与SM粒子的相互作用不大。因此，我们对此的了解很少。我的研究涉及探索可以解释暗物质的存在和丰富性的新物理模型。我对可能与中微子的暗物质相互作用特别感兴趣，这可能会影响星系在早期宇宙中的形成方式。我的研究将探讨我们如何通过天体物理观测来检测这些相互作用。加拿大是高能量物理社区不可或缺的一部分，其领先的发现进一步了解了我们对宇宙的理解。我的小组将为这一尖端研究议程做出贡献。