Imprints and implications of historical contingencies in biodiversity patterns

历史突发事件对生物多样性格局的影响和影响

• 批准号: RGPIN-2020-06543
• 负责人: Pither, Jason
• 金额: $ 2.04万
• 依托单位: University of British Columbia
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=761659
• 关键词: Imprints; implications; historical; contingencies; biodiversity

Globally, species' geographic distributions are being reshaped by climate change, intensification of land use, and biological invasions, and this is impacting how biodiversity is distributed on earth. Humans are being impacted by these changes, because the ecosystem services upon which we rely are moderated by various facets of biodiversity, including, for example, the diversity of functional traits within ecosystems. Accurately quantifying all facets of biodiversity, and how these vary in space and through time, is therefore a priority. Substantial progress has been made in recent years due in part to increasing availability of species distribution and trait data, and globally coordinated efforts to fill key knowledge gaps. However, our understanding of the processes governing patterns of biodiversity remains far from complete. For example, local plant diversity can be influenced in part by symbioses between plants and fungi belowground, but we currently have little understanding of what governs compatibility between plant hosts and their fungal symbionts, or why some tree species can share many of the same fungal symbionts, and others none. Answers could lie in the past: hosts that have co-occurred together for a longer period of time may be more likely to share a greater number of compatible symbionts than those that have rarely co-occurred. Such historical contingencies often leave their mark on current diversity patterns. The long-term objective of my research program is to identify and understand the conditions that promote the relative importance of historical contingencies for local diversity patterns. My short-term research objectives are to (1) explore the links between historical contingencies and variation in plant species composition within the forest plant communities of British Columbia, (2) propose and test alternative hypotheses about the diversity of ectomycorrhizal fungi that are compatible with host plant species in BC forests, and (3) determine if accounting for historical and biogeographic contingencies can improve the predictive power paleoecological reconstructions of past environmental conditions.

在全球范围内，物种的地理分布正在通过气候变化，土地利用和生物学入侵来重塑，这正在影响生物多样性如何分布在地球上。这些变化会影响人类，因为我们依靠的生态系统服务受到生物多样性各个方面的主持，包括例如生态系统中功能性状的多样性。因此，准确量化生物多样性的所有方面，以及这些方面如何在空间和时间上变化，这是一个优先级。近年来，已经取得了重大进展，部分原因是物种分布和特质数据的可用性增加，以及填补关键知识差距的全球协调努力。但是，我们对有关生物多样性模式的过程的理解远非完整。例如，局部植物多样性可以部分受到植物和真菌在地下的共生性的影响，但是我们目前对控制植物宿主与其真菌共生体之间的兼容性的了解几乎没有理解，或者为什么某些树种可以共享许多相同的真菌共生体以及其他人的原因。过去的答案可能存在：与很少共同发生的兼容共生体相比，与兼容的共生体更可能更有可能共享更长的兼容共生体。这样的历史意外情况通常会在当前的多样性模式上留下自己的印记。我的研究计划的长期目标是识别和理解促进历史意外情况对当地多样性模式相对重要性的条件。我的短期研究目标是（1）探索不列颠哥伦比亚省森林植物群落中植物物种组成之间的联系，（2）提出并检验有关替代性的假设，这些假设涉及对体外菌的多样性的多样性，这些假设与BC森林中的宿主植物构成的宿主构成（3）确定（3）确定的（3）确定的（3）过去环境条件的重建。