Measuring soil greenhouse gas flux to predict arctic carbon flow and promote sustainable agriculture in the era of climate change.

测量土壤温室气体通量以预测北极碳流量并促进气候变化时代的可持续农业。

• 批准号: RTI-2023-00064
• 负责人: Whyte, Lyle
• 金额: $ 5.04万
• 依托单位: McGill University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Research Tools and Instruments
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=761307
• 关键词: Measuring; soil; greenhouse; gas; flux

Climate change and human activity are altering carbon flows through soil ecosystems, but our understanding of the micro- and macro-scale drivers of soil greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions remains limited. In situ measurements of soil GHG flux in different environments or under different agricultural practices are one of the best tools for connecting information on belowground metabolism and microbial activity to their effect on global GHG budgets and climate change. We therefore require a portable trace gas analysis system (LI-COR LI-7810) capable of performing sensitive, real-time quantification of the soil-atmosphere flux of key GHGs, including CO2 and CH4. The LI-7810 will provide data that is crucial for accelerating the NSERC-funded research programs of L. Whyte, C. Kallenbach, J. Whalen, G. Clark, and C. Madramootoo. Whyte and Kallenbach will use the LI-7810 to collect GHG flux measurements from permafrost, permafrost thaw ponds, deglaciated soils, and other arctic habitats. As the arctic continues to warm due to climate change, the activity of soil microorganisms may accelerate or attenuate the release of GHGs in context-dependent ways. By complementing GHG flux measurements with analyses of soil chemistry and microbial activity, these projects will identify the biotic and abiotic controls on arctic GHG emissions and provide baseline data for predicting future GHG release.In the agricultural sector, Whalen and Madramootoo will use the LI-7810 to determine the effects of different fertilizers, soil supplements, and water management practices on soil GHG flux in experimental fields. Some soil supplements can be produced from organic waste, thus contributing to a circular economy, and Clark will explore how the use of processed organic residues as soil supplements increases or mitigates GHG flux. These projects are essential for improving agroecosystem management to reduce GHG emissions. Finally, Kallenbach, Clark, and Madramootoo will explore the effects of intermittent flooding and freeze/thaw cycles on agricultural GHG emissions. Climate change is making these events increasingly common, and an understanding of how these events affect belowground microbial processes and soil GHG emissions will facilitate the development of management practices that can help mitigate flood- and freeze/thaw-induced GHG release. Overall, the data we obtain from the LI-7810 will inform environmental and agricultural sciences and policies in Canada and throughout the world. We expect ~18 HQP/year will learn to measure and interpret GHG flux at various ecosystem levels, resulting in a new generation of competitive HQP in microbial ecology, soil science, agri-food practices, and waste management. These HQP will be poised to provide their expertise to future employers in areas including research, regulatory affairs, field applications, consulting, and teaching. If instrument time permits, we will also make the equipment available to HQP from other labs in our fields.

气候变化和人类活动正在改变通过土壤生态系统的碳流，但是我们对土壤温室气体（GHG）排放的微观和宏观驱动因素的理解仍然有限。在不同环境或不同农业实践下，土壤温ghg通量的原位测量是将有关地下代谢和微生物活动的信息连接到全球温室气体预算和气候变化的影响的最佳工具之一。因此，我们需要一个可移植的痕量气体分析系统（LI-COR LI-7810），能够对包括CO2和CH4在内的关键温室气体的土壤 - 大气通量进行敏感的实时定量。 LI-7810将提供对加速NSERC资助的L. Whyte，C。Kallenbach，J。Whalen，G。Clark和C. Madramootoo的研究至关重要的数据。 Whyte和Kallenbach将使用LI-7810从多年冻土，多年冻土池塘，脱落的土壤和其他北极栖息地收集GHG通量测量。随着由于气候变化而继续变暖，土壤微生物的活性可能会以上下文依赖性的方式加速或减弱温室气体的释放。通过通过对土壤化学和微生物活性的分析来补充GHG通量测量，这些项目将确定对北极GHG排放的生物和非生物控制，并提供预测未来温室气体释放的基线数据。在农业部门，Whalen和Madramootoo将使用Li-7810来确定差异化的肥料效果。一些土壤补充剂可以从有机废物中产生，从而导致循环经济，克拉克将探讨如何随着土壤补充剂的增加或减轻温室气体通量的加工有机残留物的使用。这些项目对于改善农业生态系统管理以减少温室气体排放至关重要。最后，Kallenbach，Clark和Madramootoo将探索间歇性洪水和冻结/解冻周期对农业温室气体排放的影响。气候变化使这些事件越来越普遍，并且了解这些事件如何影响地下微生物过程和土壤温室气体排放将有助于发展管理实践，从而有助于减轻洪水和冻结/融化/融化诱导的温室气体释放。 总体而言，我们从LI-7810获得的数据将为加拿大及世界各地的环境和农业科学和政策提供信息。我们预计约18 hqp/年将学习在各种生态系统水平上测量和解释温室气体通量，从而导致新一代的微生物生态学，土壤科学，农业食品实践和废物管理的竞争性HQP。这些HQP将有望为未来的雇主提供专业知识，包括研究，监管事务，现场应用，咨询和教学。如果仪器时间允许，我们还将从我们领域的其他实验室向HQP提供设备。