Hyperspectral Compressive Sensing Spectrometer for Adult Neuromonitoring in Cardiac Surgery

用于成人心脏手术神经监测的高光谱压缩传感光谱仪

• 批准号: DH-2022-00545
• 负责人: Diop, Mamadou
• 金额: $ 14.64万
• 依托单位: University of Western Ontario
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Horizons
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=760678
• 关键词: Hyperspectral; Compressive; Sensing; Spectrometer; Adult

Cardiac surgery is a life-saving operation but carries a high-risk of brain injury. Today, 3-6% of the 40,000/year patients undergoing heart surgery in Canada will suffer from serious brain injury, mainly caused by inadequate blood flow to the brain (cerebral ischemia) resulting from the operation. Unfortunately, there is currently no noninvasive neuromonitor that can reliably detect adult cerebral ischemia in cardiac surgery.We previously developed a safe near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) technique that can detect cerebral ischemia in neonates by monitoring the redox state of cytochrome-c-oxidase (oxCCO) - a transmembrane protein in the mitochondria that is highly sensitive to cerebral ischemia. Such a portable device would be ideal for neuromonitoring; however, extending the technique to adults remains an unmet challenge because of their thick skull.Our objective is to develop a NIRS technique that can noninvasively monitor oxCCO in the adult brain and demonstrate the feasibility of acquiring these measurements in patients undergoing heart surgery.We will build a time-resolved NIRS device that can measure deep-tissue absorption at several dozens of wavelengths, as required for oxCCO measurement. Short pulses of light (picosecond in duration) will be sent into tissue and the time-of-flight of the photons will be precisely measured using advanced quantum detection. We will select photons that arrive at the detector long after the laser pulse, as they travelled deep in the head and have a high probability of probing the brain. This is important because the noninvasive optical probes will be placed on the skin and light must travel through the scalp and thick (10 mm) adult skull before reaching the brain.To meet the stringent technical requirements of the device, inform its design, and validate it, we have assembled an interdisciplinary team with expertise in biomedical device development, quantum sensing, and clinical applications of novel technologies to improve patient outcome. To train Canada's future scientific workforce, three graduate students will be recruited, using current best practices in EDI, and trained to develop, validate, and use the device in the clinic. This proposal will lead to the development of a technique that could reduce the incidence of heart surgery related brain injuries and make this common surgical operation safer for the 1 million people who undergo it around the world every year.

心脏手术是一项挽救生命的手术，但脑损伤的风险很高。如今，加拿大每年40,000名接受心脏手术的患者中，有3-6%会遭受严重的脑损伤，这主要是由于手术导致大脑血流不足（脑缺血）造成的。不幸的是，目前还没有无创神经监测仪能够可靠地检测心脏手术中成人脑缺血情况。我们之前开发了一种安全的近红外光谱（NIRS）技术，可以通过监测细胞色素c氧化酶的氧化还原状态来检测新生儿脑缺血情况(oxCCO) - 线粒体中的一种跨膜蛋白，对脑缺血高度敏感。这种便携式设备非常适合神经监测。然而，由于成人的颅骨较厚，将该技术扩展到成人仍然是一个未满足的挑战。我们的目标是开发一种 NIRS 技术，可以无创地监测成人大脑中的 oxCCO，并证明在接受心脏手术的患者中获取这些测量值的可行性。我们将构建一个时间分辨 NIRS 设备，可以根据 oxCCO 测量的要求，测量几十个波长的深层组织吸收。短光脉冲（持续时间为皮秒）将被发送到组织中，并使用先进的量子检测精确测量光子的飞行时间。我们将选择在激光脉冲之后很长时间到达探测器的光子，因为它们深入头部并很有可能探测大脑。这一点很重要，因为非侵入性光学探头将放置在皮肤上，光线必须穿过头皮和厚（10 毫米）的成人头骨才能到达大脑。为了满足设备的严格技术要求，告知其设计并验证为此，我们组建了一支跨学科团队，拥有生物医学设备开发、量子传感和新技术临床应用方面的专业知识，以改善患者的治疗效果。为了培训加拿大未来的科学劳动力，将招募三名研究生，使用当前 EDI 的最佳实践，并接受培训以在诊所开发、验证和使用该设备。这项提案将导致一种技术的开发，该技术可以减少心脏手术相关脑损伤的发生率，并使这种常见的外科手术对于全世界每年接受手术的 100 万人来说更加安全。