Advanced characterization and modelling of degradation in nuclear waste canister materials

核废料罐材料降解的高级表征和建模

• 批准号: 554816-2020
• 负责人: Persaud, SurajSY
• 金额: $ 23.77万
• 依托单位: Queen's University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Alliance Grants
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=759820
• 关键词: Advanced; characterization; modelling; degradation; nuclear

Nuclear power is a key technology-ready, carbon-free energy source for combating climate change, and has been recognized by governments as critical to Canada achieving its commitment for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. An often cited drawback of nuclear is the remnant spent nuclear fuel; at end-of-life, Canadian plants will have produced ~5.8 million spent fuel bundles, which require safe storage for 1 million years. In 2007, The Government of Canada initiated Adaptive Phase Management (APM) as the method for safe and responsible disposal of spent nuclear fuel in Canada. APM is similar to other international programs, and involves storage of spent fuel in a deep geological repository (DGR); the DGR is a multi-barrier system where fuel bundles are placed in Cu-coated steel containers, embedded in clay, and surrounded by bedrock. The Nuclear Waste Management Organization (NWMO) is the organization mandated to design and commission the DGR. As part of their initiative, the NWMO has established a world-leading research program investigating the performance of DGR materials, and has made significant progress in understanding materials selection and corrosion behaviour. However, many knowledge gaps still exist and need to be addressed if Canada's plan is to succeed. Given the 1-million year lifetime required, understanding corrosion and materials degradation at the nanoscale will be especially important, and has not been comprehensively investigated at this scale. This Alliance program will address knowledge gaps, particularly evaluating the nanoscale mechanisms governing corrosion, mechanical behavior, clay-metal interactions, and metallurgical effects. Multiple researchers will collaborate to provide the necessary expertise to perform studies across the broad scope of scientific fields. Novel microscopy, experimental, and modelling methods and facilities will be used to study micro-to-atomic scale interactions, the resolution where degradation mechanisms operate. HQP will work in an inclusive environment with the exciting opportunity to learn from multiple university experts, interact with NWMO scientists, and receive training on state-of-the-art facilities.

核电是可打击气候变化的关键技术，无碳的能源，并且已被政府认为对加拿大实现减少温室气体排放的承诺至关重要。经常被引用的核弊端是残留的核燃料。在寿命末，加拿大工厂将生产约580万美元的燃油捆绑包，这需要安全存储100万年。 2007年，加拿大政府启动了自适应阶段管理（APM），作为加拿大安全和负责任的核燃料的安全处置方法。 APM与其他国际计划相似，涉及将用过的燃料存储到深层地质存储库中（DGR）； DGR是一个多屏障系统，将燃料束放在镀铜的钢制钢容器中，嵌入粘土中，并被基岩包围。核废料管理组织（NWMO）是授权设计和委托DGR的组织。 作为其主动性的一部分，NWMO建立了一个世界领先的研究计划，研究了DGR材料的性能，并在理解材料选择和腐蚀行为方面取得了重大进展。但是，如果加拿大的计划成功，许多知识差距仍然存在，并且需要解决。鉴于所需的100万年寿命，了解纳米级的腐蚀和材料降解将特别重要，并且在此规模上尚未进行全面研究。 该联盟计划将解决知识差距，特别是评估有关腐蚀，机械行为，粘土 - 金属相互作用和冶金效应的纳米级机制。多个研究人员将合作提供必要的专业知识，以在整个科学领域的广泛范围内进行研究。 新型显微镜，实验和建模方法和设施将用于研究微观到原子量表的相互作用，这是降解机制运行的分辨率。 HQP将在包容性的环境中工作，并有一个令人兴奋的机会向多位大学专家学习，与NWMO科学家互动，并接受有关最先进设施的培训。