Maritime Wireless Communication: From Propagation to Multi-User Network Topoplogies

海上无线通信：从传播到多用户网络拓扑

• 批准号: RGPIN-2018-04592
• 负责人: Gagnon, François
• 金额: $ 2.4万
• 依托单位: École de technologie supérieure
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=754003
• 关键词: Maritime; Wireless; Communication; Propagation; Multi

Maritime wireless communication is strategic; as such it has a long history of scientific endeavors. In the past years, we have been solicited by numerous partners, such as the Canadian Navy, to provide reliable and high-speed oversea communications. By using astute multiple antenna schemes, we have enhanced by orders of magnitude the achievable data rates overwater. However, most long range measurement campaigns, performed by others and us, show significant discrepancies between received power predictions and actual measurements. A well-studied, but still somewhat elusive, ducting effect on the propagation is caused by the gradient of refraction index induced by the evaporation layer above the sea. For example, on the great barrier reef in Australia, with a non-line-of-sight link of 70 km, the yearly average power is a thousand times less powerful than predicted, the variations are not even correlated with the wind, as the theory predicts. In the NSERC Ultra Electronics chair's last campaign, we also had an unexpected and unbelievably good non line-of-sight link at 66 km. If one wishes to design a maritime network, a compensation of unknown effects through increased power is not possible since it also involves more interference on the global network. Going back to RF propagation basics is thus imperative on this issue. We thus propose to have an in-depth observation of the wireless link and the effect of waves in the reflection process. In fact, we believe that when the range is long, the grazing angle is so low that only a small number of sea waves effectively produce reflection and diffraction. This hypothesis is in stark contrast to the usual assumption of a scattering area. We propose to compute the propagation with sub-degree grazing and a random generation of directional sea waves. An actual radio measurement will be set-up to confirm the results by correlating real-time wave measurements of sea wave heights and the received signal power. At the network level, stochastic geometry and various network topologies are examined to predict the overall performance of networks with variable node densities. It is proposed to evaluate the achievable throughput for different distributions of ship positions and antenna heights, over multiple sea conditions. In terms of topology, a combination of meshed or Ad-Hoc, point-to-point and point-to-multipoint systems will be considered to maximize the possible Heterogeneous Network (HetNet) performance. The sea is of central importance to Canada and Québec as emphasized recently by both governments investing 2 B$ in maritime strategies. It is worth noting that Ultra electronics TCS has been founded as the Canadian Marconi Company by Sir Giuseppe Marconi in 1903, renowned for oversea wireless communication with the Titanic and as the first recipient of a Radio related Nobel Prize. This proposal is completely aligned with our historical wireless inventiveness.

海上无线通信具有战略意义；因此，在过去的几年中，加拿大海军等众多合作伙伴都要求我们通过使用精明的多重技术来提供可靠和高速的海外通信。通过天线方案，我们将水上可实现的数据速率提高了几个数量级。然而，由其他人和我们进行的大多数远程测量活动显示，接收功率预测与实际测量之间存在显着差异，但仍存在一定程度的差异。难以捉摸的波导效应是由海上蒸发层引起的折射率梯度引起的，例如，在澳大利亚的大堡礁上，非视距链路长达 70 公里。年平均功率比预测的低一千倍，这些变化甚至与风无关，正如理论预测的那样，在 NSERC 超级电子主席的上一次活动中，我们也取得了意想不到的、令人难以置信的好成绩。如果希望设计一个海上网络，通过增加功率来补偿未知影响是不可能的，因为这还涉及到对全球网络的更多干扰。因此，我们建议对无线链路和波在反射过程中的影响进行深入观察。事实上，我们认为，当距离很长时，掠射角非常低，以至于只有一个。少量的海浪有效地产生反射和这一假设与通常的散射区域假设形成鲜明对比，我们建议通过亚度掠射和随机生成的定向海波来计算传播，以确认结果。通过关联海浪高度的实时波浪测量和接收信号功率，在网络层面检查随机几何和各种网络拓扑，以预测具有可变节点密度的网络的整体性能。在多种海洋条件下，船舶位置和天线高度的不同分布可实现的吞吐量在拓扑方面，将考虑网状或特设、点对点和点对多点系统的组合，以最大化可能的吞吐量。异构网络 (HetNet) 性能对于加拿大和魁北克来说至关重要，两国政府最近在海事战略上投资了 2 巴西雷亚尔。朱塞佩·马可尼爵士 (Sir Giuseppe Marconi) 于 1903 年创建了马可尼公司，该公司因泰坦尼克号的海外无线通信而闻名，并且是第一个与无线电相关的诺贝尔奖获得者。该提案与我们历史上的无线发明完全一致。