Volcanic, structural, and tectonic controls on volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits: Archean to present

火山、构造和构造对火山成因块状硫化物矿床的控制：太古宙至今

• 批准号: RGPIN-2020-04453
• 负责人: DeWolfe, Yvonne
• 金额: $ 1.82万
• 依托单位: Mount Royal University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=750943
• 关键词: Volcanic; structural; tectonic; controls; volcanogenic

Modern and ancient mineral deposits: Volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposits are ancient copper-, zinc-, lead-, silver-, and gold-rich mineral deposits that form at or just below the seafloor. They form from seafloor hydrothermal venting along mid-ocean ridges, within island arcs, or in back-arc basins, which are areas of rifting that form behind island arcs. These deposits are hosted by ancient to recent volcanic sequences that formed during periods of major ocean closure and associated terrane collision, including the Late Archean (2.8-2.69 Ga), Paleoproterozoic (1.92-1.87 Ga), Cambro-Ordovician (500-450 Ma), Devono-Mississippian (370-340 Ma), and Early Jurassic (200-180 Ma) times. The intra-continental back-arc environment within Archean volcanic sequences of the Northwest Territories (NWT) hosts multiple VMS deposits and features areas of high mineral potential in Canada. Seafloor massive sulfide (SMS) deposits are modern-day equivalents of VMS deposits. SMS deposits associated with active/inactive hydrothermal vent sites have been discovered along the mid-ocean ridge (Central Indian Ridge) of the Indian Ocean. Objectives and scientific approach: My long-term objectives are to determine the relationship between VMS and SMS systems; why a specific volcanic succession contains VMS-type mineralization or is barren; and the role of tectonic setting, volcanic architecture, and facies distribution in both VMS and SMS formation. My short-term objectives are to reconstruct the volcanic, magmatic, hydrothermal, and structural evolution of VMS deposits and their host volcanic sequences in the Arctic of the NWT, and define the volcanic and structural settings of SMS deposits including lithofacies, hydrothermal alteration, and mineralization of the Central Indian Ridge. Impact: This research program will advance understanding of the metallogenesis of VMS and SMS deposits, aid in Earth scientists' understanding of ancient and modern plate tectonic settings, where these deposits are concentrated, and bring multiple benefits: 1) it will facilitate the training of HQP, thereby providing the Canadian mining and mineral exploration industry with highly skilled geoscientists, with the goal of providing training to typically underrepresented groups in Canadian mineral exploration, including women, visible minorities, Indigenous Peoples, people with diverse gender identities, and people with disabilities; 2) it will generate new knowledge that will directly impact the Canadian mining and mineral exploration industry responsible for VMS deposit exploration (which historically accounts for considerable Canadian base metal (~30% Cu, ~50% Zn, ~20% Pb) and precious metal (~40% Ag, ~3% Au) production); and 3) it will aid in sustaining northern communities, whose economies are largely dependent on mineral exploration and mining

现代和古代矿床：火山块状硫化物 (VMS) 矿床是古老的富含铜、锌、铅、银和金的矿床，形成于海底或海底下方。它们是由沿洋中脊、岛弧内或弧后盆地（岛弧后面形成的裂谷区域）的海底热液喷发形成的。这些矿床由古代到近代的火山序列所孕育，这些火山序列是在主要海洋闭合和相关地体碰撞期间形成的，包括晚太古代（2.8-2.69 Ga）、古元古代（1.92-1.87 Ga）、寒武纪-奥陶纪（500-450 Ma） ）、泥沃诺-密西西比纪（370-340 Ma）和早侏罗世（200-180Ma）次。西北地区 (NWT) 太古代火山序列内的大陆内弧后环境蕴藏着多个 VMS 矿床，是加拿大具有高矿产潜力的地区。海底块状硫化物 (SMS) 矿床相当于现代 VMS 矿床。沿印度洋洋中脊（中印度洋脊）发现了与活动/非活动热液喷口位点相关的 SMS 沉积物。 目标和科学方法：我的长期目标是确定VMS和SMS系统之间的关系；为什么特定的火山序列含有 VMS 型矿化或贫瘠；以及构造环境、火山结构和相分布在 VMS 和 SMS 形成中的作用。我的短期目标是重建西北地区北极 VMS 矿床及其宿主火山序列的火山、岩浆、热液和构造演化，并定义 SMS 矿床的火山和构造环境，包括岩相、热液蚀变和中印度洋中脊的矿化。 影响：该研究计划将增进对 VMS 和 SMS 矿床成矿作用的了解，帮助地球科学家了解这些矿床集中的古代和现代板块构造环境，并带来多重好处：1）它将促进对HQP，从而为加拿大采矿和矿产勘探行业提供高技能的地球科学家，目标是为加拿大矿产勘探中代表性不足的群体提供培训，包括妇女、有色人种、土著人民、不同性别的人身份和残疾人； 2) 它将产生新的知识，将直接影响负责 VMS 矿床勘探的加拿大采矿和矿产勘探行业（历史上该行业占加拿大相当大的基本金属（约 30% 铜、约 50% 锌、约 20% 铅）和贵金属金属（〜40％Ag，〜3％Au）生产）； 3）它将帮助维持北部社区的生存，这些社区的经济很大程度上依赖于矿产勘探和采矿