A Framework for Future Power Systems

未来电力系统的框架

• 批准号: RGPIN-2022-04833
• 负责人: Iravani, Reza
• 金额: $ 5.54万
• 依托单位: University of Toronto
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=751599
• 关键词: Framework; Future; Power; Systems

Worldwide, electrical power generation is predominantly through legacy power plants that use conventional turbine-generator (TG) units. The environmental issues and green-house gas emissions associated with the fossil-fueled power plants and the ongoing increase in  demand for the electrical energy indicate continuous increase in the penetration of renewables, e.g., wind and solar-PV power plants, in the power grid. In the future, even most of the legacy fossil-fuel TG-based generation units will be replaced by renewables as they approach the end of their life-spans. Thus, inevitably the penetration-depth of renewables will gradually and continuously increase and eventually the grid will be supplied close to or even at 100% by renewables. In contrast to the conventional TG units which are directly connected to the grid, the common characteristic of renewable generation units is that they are converter-interfaced (CI) units, i.e., connected to the grid by electronic converters. Furthermore, many other subsystems and apparatus within the grid, e.g., high-voltage direct-current (HVDC) converter stations, energy storage units, and reactive power compensators, are also CI units. Thus, in the long run, the ratio of electric power handled by CI units to the power generated by TG units in a grid will substantially increase and consequently the operation, control and protection requirements of the grid will be dictated by the CI units. This trend entails a major departure from the current operation, control, and protection strategies of the existing legacy grid which have been developed within the past several decades based on the characteristics of TG units, and therefore can neither best utilize the features of CI units, guarantee stability, nor security of the future grid under high penetration of CI units. These concerns although acknowledged by stakeholders, have been neither fully understood, investigated, nor formulated, and thus no systematic solutions and remedial measures have been developed. The legacy grid's asset which has been developed in the past several decades is worth billions of dollars. Thus the existing grid cannot be dismantled and replaced by a new grid based on the characteristics of CI units. Therefore, there is a need to develop operation, control, and protection strategies to dynamically accommodate and adapt to the continuous evolution of the legacy grid as the penetration of CI units increases. The R&D focus of this grant application is on the system-level controls of the future grid. The research objectives are to i) develop models for analytical and off-line/real-time simulation tools to investigate and reveal the nature of the dynamic phenomena of the future grid, ii) develop control strategies that can adapt to the evolving grid complexities and systematically address stability issues, and iii) enable best asset utilization of the grid as the penetration of CI units increases.

在世界范围内，发电主要通过使用传统涡轮发电机（TG）装置的传统发电厂进行。与化石燃料发电厂相关的环境问题和温室气体排放以及对电能需求的持续增长表明。风能和太阳能光伏电站等可再生能源在电网中的渗透率不断提高，未来即使是大多数传统的基于化石燃料的TG发电机组也将在临近年底时被可再生能源取代。他们的因此，可再生能源的渗透深度将不可避免地逐渐持续增加，最终电网将接近甚至100%由可再生能源供电。与直接并网的传统TG机组相比，可再生能源发电机组的共同特征是它们是转换器接口（CI）单元，即通过电子转换器连接到电网此外，电网内还有许多其他子系统和设备，例如高压。直流（HVDC）换流站、储能单元和无功功率补偿器也属于 CI 单元，因此，从长远来看，电网中 CI 单元处理的电力与 TG 单元产生的电力之比将增大。大幅增加，因此电网的运行、控制和保护要求将由 CI 单元决定。这种趋势导致与过去开发的现有传统电网的当前运行、控制和保护策略发生重大背离。根据TG机组几十年的特点，因此，既不能充分利用CI机组的特性，也不能保证未来电网在CI机组高渗透率下的稳定性和安全性。这些担忧虽然得到了利益相关者的认可，但尚未得到充分理解、调查和阐述，因此也没有系统化。解决方案和补救措施已经制定。过去几十年发展起来的遗留电网资产价值数十亿美元，因此根据CI机组的特点，现有电网无法拆除并被新电网取代。需要开发操作、控制、随着 CI 单元渗透率的增加，动态适应和适应传统电网的不断发展的保护策略 本次拨款申请的研发重点是未来电网的系统级控制。开发分析和离线/实时仿真工具模型，以研究和揭示未来电网动态现象的本质，ii）开发能够适应不断变化的电网复杂性并以某种方式解决稳定性问题的控制策略，以及iii ) ) 使电网的资产利用率达到最佳水平CI 单位增加。