The influence of turbidity on ancient and modern coral reefs

浑浊度对古代和现代珊瑚礁的影响

• 批准号: RGPIN-2021-04054
• 负责人: Zonneveld, JohnPaul
• 金额: $ 3.72万
• 依托单位: University of Alberta
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=750916
• 关键词: influence; turbidity; ancient; modern; coral

The role that turbid water has played in coral and coral reef survival through two Cenozoic hyperthermal events (temporal intervals of global warming) is investigated. Diverse coral reef systems were long considered to be phenomena limited to clear water settings. Areas of high clastic sediment input were considered to be harmful to corals due to reduced water transparency (reducing photosynthesis by coral symbionts), fine-grained sediment clogging the feeding / respiration apparatus of sessile benthic faunas and increased nutrients and particulate organics in the water column (which causes extensive algal colonization and smothering of coral taxa). Unfortunately, clear water settings provide no respite from increased water temperatures and prolonged, cloudless exposure to intense solar radiation that result from a warming climate and thus, in recent years extensive bleachings have resulted in the widespread demise of tropical corals and coral reefs. Recent studies have suggested that, rather than smothering reefs, moderate levels of turbidity (cloudiness) may lower reef stress by shielding coral taxa from high solar radiation. Several recent studies have identified turbid-system (murky water) coral reefs as refugia wherein reef biota may retreat and survive environmental crises. Despite the importance of turbid water coral reefs, they are poorly understood relative to their clear-water equivalents. The goal of this research program is to investigate the role that turbid water coral reefs play and have played in maintaining regional coral reef health and reef fauna diversity during hyperthermal events. Two hyperthermal intervals are investigated. The older interval is the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) - Early Eocene Climate Optimum (EECO) interval (~56 to 49 million years ago), which includes the warmest interval on the earth up until the present day. Latest Paleocene to early Eocene reefs in the neoTethys region (modern southern Europe) are my focus for this research program as this area was the centre of reef diversity during the Paleogene and thick vertically continuous, reef-prone outcrop is available through both pure carbonate and mixed siliciclastic-carbonate successions. The younger interval considered is the Middle Pleistocene to Modern. Here my focus is on the northeastern coast of Sumba, Indonesia. Sumba occurs in the Coral Triangle, the most diverse marine ecosystem on the planet, hosting 76% of the world's coral species and 37% of coral fish species. extensive bleaching has resulted in the widespread demise of these tropical corals and coral reefs. The island of Sumba was chosen as it includes an one-million year record of uplifted coral reefs, includes ancient and modern turbid-water and clear-water coral reefs in close proximity and occurs on an island in the Wallacea straits (an island-rich region that occurs between the Sahul and Sunda shelves, which were subaerially exposed during the Pleistocene).

研究了浊流在珊瑚和珊瑚礁生存中通过两个新生代的高温事件（全球变暖的时间间隔）中发挥的作用。 长期以来，各种珊瑚礁系统被认为是限制在清除水环境中的现象。高碎屑沉积物输入的区域被认为是由于透明度降低（减少了珊瑚共生体的光合作用），对珊瑚有害，细粒的沉积物堵塞了连柄底面动物的喂养 /呼吸器，并在水柱中增加了养分和颗粒物（这会导致大量的algal algal colonization and sange and sange and sange and sange and sange consization and sange and a and gangal calliatians and s andgal and sexsimization and sonspon）。不幸的是，清晰的水环境没有喘息的水温和长时间的无云暴露于强烈的太阳辐射，这是由于气候变暖而导致的，因此，近年来，广泛的漂白剂导致热带珊瑚和珊瑚礁的广泛灭亡。最近的研究表明，中等水平的浊度（浑浊）可以通过屏蔽高太阳辐射来屏蔽珊瑚类群来降低礁石应力，而不是窒息礁石。最近的几项研究发现，浑浊的系统（模糊的水）珊瑚礁是礁石生物群可能会撤退并在环境危机中生存的避难所。尽管浑浊的水珊瑚礁很重要，但相对于透明的水等效物，它们的理解很少。该研究计划的目的是调查浑浊的水珊瑚礁在过度热活动期间保持区域珊瑚礁健康和珊瑚礁动物群多样性方面发挥的作用。研究了两个高温间隔。较旧的间隔是古新世 - 新世热最大（PETM） - 早期始新世气候最佳（EECO）间隔（〜56至4900万年前），其中包括地球上最温暖的间隔直到今天。最新的新世至始新世珊瑚礁（现代南欧）是我对该研究计划的重点，因为该地区是古生元中的珊瑚礁多样性的中心，并且垂直连续，珊瑚礁容易发生的露头是通过纯碳酸盐和混合硅酸盐碳酸氢盐的连续来获得的。所考虑的年轻间隔是现代的中更新世。在这里，我的重点是印度尼西亚森巴的东北海岸。 Sumba发生在地球上最多样化的海洋生态系统的珊瑚三角发生，占世界珊瑚物种的76％和37％的珊瑚鱼类。广泛的漂白导致了这些热带珊瑚和珊瑚礁的广泛灭亡。选择了Sumba岛，因为它包括一百万年的上升珊瑚礁的记录，包括古老的和现代的浑浊的水和透明的水珊瑚礁，近距离接近，并发生在Wallacea海峡的一个岛上（在Sahul和Sunda架子之间发生的一个富含岛屿的地区（一个富含岛屿的地区），在该架子之间，在该架子上，在pleseenceene the Pleisseene the pleisciseenceenceenceenceenceenceenceenceenceenceenceenceenceene）。