Testing how species interactions and evolution accelerate or decelerate climate-driven range shifts

测试物种相互作用和进化如何加速或减缓气候驱动的范围变化

• 批准号: RGPIN-2019-05073
• 负责人: Angert, Amy
• 金额: $ 4.65万
• 依托单位: University of British Columbia
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=746327
• 关键词: Testing; how; species; interactions; evolution

Globally many species' ranges are shifting poleward and up in elevation. However, most observed range shifts are less than we would predict if species were perfectly tracking climate, and they differ substantially, with some moving in idiosyncratic directions and others not moving at all. My long-term objective is to explain which species lag behind climate change and why to better predict and manage impacts on biodiversity. My short-term objectives are to investigate how climate-driven range shifts are accelerated or decelerated by (1) species interactions, (2) evolutionary dynamics and (3) feedbacks between the two. (1) Variation in climate tracking will arise if species differ in how interactions with other species affect rates of spread (at expanding edges of range shifts) and decline (at contracting edges). For example, some species might be unable to colonize areas that have become climatically suitable but contain better competitors. The proposed work will experimentally manipulate key species interactions, seed predation and competition, along climate gradients spanning 30 plants' elevation ranges in the Cascade Mountains, to determine whether certain functional groups or range edges are more influenced by species interactions. (2) In theory evolution can have diverse effects on range shifts, such as accelerating range expansion as better dispersers concentrate and mate at expanding range edges, decelerating range expansion as harmful mutations increase by chance in small populations at expanding range edges, or decelerating rates of range contraction if populations are able to rapidly adapt to deteriorating conditions. The proposed work will test whether variation in rates of range expansion within and among monkeyflower species is related to differences in accumulation of deleterious mutations. It will also measure the demographic effects of trait evolution to determine whether rapid adaptation to extreme climatic perturbation can rescue populations and prevent range contraction. (3) Species interactions could modify evolutionary responses to climate change in ways that are unpredictable without examining their feedbacks. For example, competition could accelerate rapid adaptation to a changing environment by causing additional selection, despite reducing population size, or alleviate the build-up of deleterious mutations at expanding edges by slowing rates of range expansion, allowing larger population sizes and genetic diversity to build up. We will use novel lab microcosms with duckweeds to study how species interactions affect range evolution along a moving temperature gradient. The research will involve international collaboration, advanced skill development, and networking for 1 postdoctoral, 5 graduate, and 10 undergraduate trainees. Trainees will be equipped with transferable skills for careers in private sector, government, or academia, and knowledge to help address the ecological impacts of climate change in Canada.

在全球范围内，许多物种的范围正在向极点转移，并在海拔高度上向上转移。但是，大多数观察到的范围变化比我们预期的范围变化要少，如果物种是否完美地跟踪了气候，它们有很大的差异，其中一些沿特质方向移动，而另一些则根本没有移动。我的长期目标是解释哪些物种落后于气候变化背后的物种，以及为什么更好地预测和管理对生物多样性的影响。我的短期目标是研究如何通过（1）物种相互作用，（2）两者之间的进化动力学和（3）反馈。 （1）如果物种与其他物种的相互作用影响传播速率（在范围移动的扩展边缘）和下降（在合同边缘处），则气候跟踪的变化将出现。例如，某些物种可能无法在气候上合适但包含更好竞争者的区域殖民区域。拟议的工作将在沿着级联山脉中30个植物高度的气候梯度沿着气候梯度沿着气候梯度进行实验操纵的主要物种相互作用，种子捕食和竞争，以确定某些官能团或范围边缘是否受到物种相互作用的影响。 （2）在理论上，进化可以对范围变化产生不同的影响，例如，随着更好的分散量的加速范围扩展，随着扩展范围边缘的集中和伴侣，随着范围扩展的减速范围扩展会增加范围边缘的有害突变，或者在扩展范围边缘的范围内降低了范围的速度，如果种群能够快速适应条件，则范围降低了。拟议的工作将测试猴子种类内部和中间范围扩张率的变化是否与有害突变的积累差异有关。它还将衡量性状演化的人口统计学效应，以确定对极端气候扰动的快速适应能否挽救种群并防止范围收缩。 （3）物种相互作用可以通过不可预测的方式改变对气候变化的进化反应，而无需检查其反馈。例如，尽管人口规模降低，竞争可以通过导致其他选择来加速对环境的快速适应，或者通过减慢范围扩展的速度来减少边缘扩大边缘的有害突变，从而使较大的人口大小和遗传多样性增加。我们将使用带有鸭草的新型实验室缩影来研究物种相互作用如何影响沿运动温度梯度的范围演化。该研究将涉及1个博士后，5名毕业生和10名本科学员的国际合作，高级技能发展和网络。学员将配备私营部门，政府或学术界职业的可转移技能，并有助于解决加拿大气候变化的生态影响。