New perspectives on the consumptive and non-consumptive effects of predators

关于掠食者的消耗性和非消耗性影响的新视角

• 批准号: RGPIN-2018-06757
• 负责人: Murray, Dennis
• 金额: $ 3.42万
• 依托单位: Trent University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=745831
• 关键词: New; perspectives; consumptive; non; effects

Owing to recent advances in ecological theory, lab and field studies, and technological/analytical tools, we are now at the cusp of major breakthroughs in predator-prey ecology. We are poised to explain the complex determinants of predation rate and how these are driven by factors like predator foraging behaviour and predator-predator interactions, as well as address the role of non-consumptive predator effects (i.e., perceived predation risk, PPR) on prey physiology, behaviour, and population dynamics. During this grant cycle my team will combine observational studies, field and lab experiments, and modelling exercises, to comprehensively address major knowledge gaps and establish a new basis for understanding predator-prey interactions. We will use satellite-based telemetry and accelerometry in Canada lynx, coyotes, and their primary prey (snowshoe hare) to test: 1) Whether predation rates are subject to ratio dependence and how this differs across predator and prey species; 2) If predator movements conform to prevailing foraging theory and how this varies with cyclic fluctuation in hare abundance; 3) If prey switching by predators corresponds to active choice vs. passive response to a change in prey species ratio; and 4) Physio-behavioural responses of hares to experimental and natural changes in predation risk. Maternal effects of increased PPR on juvenile hares will be monitored through a hare population low to determine whether adults and/or new recruits contribute to population recovery. These research efforts will be bolstered by experiments using a model predator-prey system (i.e., dragonfly larvae-tadpole), where we will manipulate predator-prey interactions and address longstanding questions related to consumptive effects of predators that have high tractability in this system. Importantly, the dragonfly-tadpole system also will serve to assess whether PPR responses, which are so prevalent in lab studies using this system, are replicable in the field. A second predator-prey model system (protist-alga), will address the longstanding enigma of whether non-consumptive effects of predators alone can affect predator-prey population dynamics. These investigations will inform the development and parameterization of a population model of the consumptive and non-consumptive effects of predators in this system, which will be extended to a related model of the effects of predation (and PPR) on the snowshoe hare population cycle. Collectively, these efforts will merge theory and data to explain fundamental mechanisms governing predator-prey interactions that to date have gone unresolved. This will set the stage for major breakthroughs in our understanding of predation as a dominant force in ecosystems. This work also will train HQP in robust scientific investigation and the application of novel approaches to address previously intractable ecological questions.

由于生态学理论，实验室和现场研究以及技术/分析工具的最新进展，我们现在处于捕食者 - 捕食生态学的重大突破的风口浪尖。我们准备解释捕食率的复杂决定因素，以及这些因素是如何由捕食者觅食行为和捕食者侵害者相互作用等因素驱动的，并解决了非消费性捕食者效应（即感知的捕食风险，PPR）对猎物生理，行为，行为，行为，人口动力学的作用。在这个赠款周期中，我的团队将结合观察性研究，现场和实验室实验以及建模练习，以全面解决主要的知识差距，并为理解Predator-Prey相互作用建立新的基础。我们将使用基于卫星的遥测和加速度计在加拿大Lynx，土狼及其主要的猎物（雪鞋野兔）进行测试：1）捕食率是否受到比率依赖性以及捕食者和猎物物种之间的差异； 2）如果捕食者的运动符合盛行的觅食理论，以及这如何随野兔丰度的环状波动而变化； 3）如果捕食者对捕食者的转换对应于主动选择与对猎物物种比率变化的无源反应相对应； 4）野兔对捕食风险的实验和自然变化的生理反应。 PPR增加对少年野兔的孕产妇影响将通过野兔人群低，以确定成年人和/或新的新兵是否有助于人口恢复。这些研究工作将通过使用模型Predator-Prey系统（即蜻蜓幼虫tadpole）进行实验来加强这些研究，在这里我们将操纵Predator-Prey相互作用，并解决与该系统中具有高障碍的捕食者的消耗性影响有关的长期存在的问题。重要的是，蜻蜓tadpole系统还将有助于评估在使用该系统的实验室研究中如此普遍的PPR响应在现场是否可以复制。 第二个捕食者 - 捕食模型系统（原生alga）将解决捕食者非消耗性效应是否会影响捕食者捕食者种群动态的长期谜。这些研究将为捕食者在该系统中的消费和非消费和非消费性影响的人群模型的开发和参数化提供信息，该模型将扩展到相关的捕食（和PPR）对雪鞋野兔种群周期的影响的模型。总的来说，这些努力将合并理论和数据，以解释迄今为止尚未解决的捕食者互动相互作用的基本机制。这将为我们对捕食作为生态系统中的主要力量的掠夺的理解奠定了基础。这项工作还将训练HQP进行强大的科学研究，并采用新颖的方法来解决以前棘手的生态问题。