Evolutionary ecology of species distributions

物种分布的进化生态学

• 批准号: RGPIN-2018-06191
• 负责人: Hargreaves, Anna
• 金额: $ 2.4万
• 依托单位: McGill University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=745734
• 关键词: Evolutionary; ecology; species; distributions

No species occurs everywhere. Understanding why not involves questions at the heart of ecology (is habitat use limited by climate? interactions with other species? lack of dispersal?), and evolution (why aren't all species distributions constantly expanding via adaptation?). These questions are also directly related to important conservation problems, including habitat fragmentation, invasions, and climate-change induced range shifts. Theoretical models for range limits far exceed robust tests of their predictions, preventing realistic application of theory to real-world conservation. Theory makes contrasting predictions about the ecological and evolutionary role of edge populations depending on the environmental gradient that limits them. My long-term goal is to test for global patterns in the ecological andevolutionary processes governing species range limits, particularly the role of species interactions. My short-term goals are to test: for global patterns in the ecological gradients (e.g. climate, species interactions) that generate range limits; the prevalence and consequences of adaptation at stable and contracting range edges; and whether the ecological and evolutionary importance of species interactions increases alongside biodiversity. I propose experiments at three complementary spatial scales. Experimental manipulations of biotic, abiotic, and genetic factors range will test their relative importance across a herb's elevational range. This has broad implications for the distribution of biodiversity, but has not been established for any species. I will use experimental bacteria evolution across to test whether spatial and temporal variability can create range edges, as predicted by metapopulation models. Artificial range contractions via increasing patch extinction or isolation will test their predicted effect on dispersal evolution. Dispersal evolution at contracting limits could determine how well genetic diversity is maintained during range shifts. Finally, arctic-to-equator experiments, including one from my lab, have recently confirmed that species interaction intensity increases toward low latitudes/elevations. I will expand my experiment to assess whether increased interaction intensity is associated with increased biodiversity, and whether stronger interactions generate increasing selection. These relationships are proposed to explain global patterns in biodiversity but have not been tested at a global scale.Most Canadian species at risk are edge populations, and Canada has one of the largest latitudinal gradients of any country. The importance of edge populations to species persistence, how edge populations respond to environmental change, and the origin and implications of latitudinal gradients are quintessential Canadian conservation questions.

无处不在。理解为什么不涉及生态学的核心问题（栖息地使用受到气候的限制？与其他物种相互作用？缺乏分散？）和进化（为什么所有物种并不全部通过适应来不断扩展？）。这些问题也与重要的保护问题直接相关，包括栖息地破碎，入侵和气候变化引起的范围变化。范围限制的理论模型远远超过了其预测的可靠测试，从而阻止了理论在现实世界中的现实应用。理论根据限制它们的环境梯度对边缘种群的生态和进化作用进行了对比预测。我的长期目标是在管理物种范围限制的生态和进化过程中测试全球模式，尤其是物种相互作用的作用。我的短期目标是测试：对于生成范围限制的生态梯度（例如气候，物种相互作用）中的全球模式；在稳定和承包范围边缘适应的患病率和后果；以及物种相互作用的生态和进化重要性是否与生物多样性同在。我建议在三个互补的空间尺度上进行实验。生物，非生物和遗传因素范围的实验操作将测试其在草药高度范围内的相对重要性。这对生物多样性的分布具有广泛的影响，但尚未为任何物种建立。我将使用实验细菌的进化来测试如种群模型所预测的那样，空间和时间变异是否会产生范围边缘。人工范围收缩通过增加斑块灭绝或隔离将测试其对分散进化的预测影响。在收缩限制下的分散演变可以确定范围转移期间遗传多样性的保持程度。最后，北极到备备实验，包括来自我的实验室的实验，最近证实，物种相互作用强度朝着低纬度/海拔升高。我将扩展实验，以评估增加的相互作用强度是否与生物多样性的增加有关，以及更强的相互作用是否会产生增加的选择。提出这些关系是为了解释生物多样性的全球模式，但尚未在全球范围内进行测试。大多数加拿大风险的物种都是边缘人口，加拿大是任何国家最大的纬度梯度之一。边缘种群对物种持久性的重要性，边缘种群如何应对环境变化以及纬度梯度的起源和含义是加拿大典型的加拿大保护问题。