Host defense peptides and mechanisms of broad-spectrum disease resistance in plants.

宿主防御肽和植物广谱抗病机制。

• 批准号: RGPIN-2019-07157
• 负责人: Yevtushenko, Dmytro
• 金额: $ 1.68万
• 依托单位: University of Lethbridge
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=744868
• 关键词: Host; defense; peptides; mechanisms; broad

Pathogenic fungi, oomycetes, and bacteria are the leading cause of plant diseases, contributing to more than one-third of total crop losses throughout the world. Development of plants with durable, broad-spectrum disease resistance is one of the greatest challenges in continuing to meet current and future world food needs. The goal of this research program is to conduct fundamental studies of the properties of natural host defense peptides (HDPs) in potatoes, and their primary roles in the protection of plants against pathogenic microorganisms. These peptides, also called cationic antimicrobial peptides, represent a diverse family of small, membrane-active molecules that are found in many evolutionarily distant organisms, ranging from primitive invertebrates to plants and humans, and are thought to be part of the innate defense system against pathogen invasion. The most important and unique feature of HDPs, which gives them a well-defined advantage over other defensive molecules, is that they target the fundamental design differences between microbial membranes and the membranes of plants and animals. Therefore, the emergence of resistant strains of the pathogens is less probable compared to that of other compounds. The novelty of this research includes the development of broad-spectrum disease resistance in potato using natural plant defense peptides (HDPs), testing hypothesis of HDPs as immunomodulators in plant innate immune response, simultaneous expression of different HDP-coding genes in one plant (gene pyramiding), induced and organ-specific expression of HDPs, and exploring the suitability of potato tubers as low cost, safe, and effective platform for the production of therapeutic HDPs. The research will elucidate the molecular mechanism(s) of HDP-mediated disease resistance in plants, including the mode of action of HDPs and their structural motifs essential for antimicrobial activity, their intracellular localization and transport within the host plant, and will clarify other, unknown roles of HDPs in plant functions that result in improved plant productivity and higher yield. The immediate impact of this proposed research program to Canada is that the resulting potato genotypes can be used as a source of valuable defense genes (germplasm) in conventional potato breeding programs. Other benefits include higher yields, reduced post-harvest losses, and improved food safety due to lower level of fungal toxin contaminants. In addition, this approach may be useful to improve disease resistance in other crops. Finally, HQP involved in this unique research program will be exposed to a variety of experimental learning opportunities, essential for their future careers in academia, government, and industry.

致病真菌，卵菌和细菌是植物性疾病的主要原因，造成了全世界全球全部作物总损失的三分之一以上。耐用，广泛疾病抗病性的植物的开发是继续满足当前和未来的世界粮食需求的最大挑战之一。该研究计划的目的是对土豆中天然宿主防御肽（HDP）的性质进行基础研究，以及它们在保护植物免受致病性微生物的保护中的主要作用。这些肽，也称为阳离子抗菌肽，代表了一个多样的小型，膜活性分子的家族，在许多进化较远的生物中都发现，从原始的无脊椎动物到植物和人类，并且被认为是对病原体入侵的先天防御系统的一部分。 HDP的最重要和独特的特征，使它们比其他防御分子具有明确的优势，是它们针对微生物膜与植物和动物的膜之间的基本设计差异。因此，与其他化合物相比，病原体的抗性菌株的出现不太可能。 The novelty of this research includes the development of broad-spectrum disease resistance in potato using natural plant defense peptides (HDPs), testing hypothesis of HDPs as immunomodulators in plant innate immune response, simultaneous expression of different HDP-coding genes in one plant (gene pyramiding), induced and organ-specific expression of HDPs, and exploring the suitability of potato tubers as low cost, safe, and effective platform for治疗性HDP的产生。这项研究将阐明植物中HDP介导的疾病抗性的分子机制，包括HDP的作用方式及其对抗菌活性的结构基序，其结构基序，宿主植物内的细胞内定位和运输至关重要，并将阐明HDP在植物中的其他，未知的植物作用，从而在工厂中起作用，从而在工厂中起作用，从而提高工厂生产力。 该提议的研究计划对加拿大的直接影响是，在传统的马铃薯育种计划中，由此产生的马铃薯基因型可以用作有价值的防御基因（种质）的来源。其他好处包括较高的收益率，减少收获后的损失以及由于真菌毒素污染物水平较低而改善食品安全性。另外，这种方法可能有助于改善其他作物的抗病性。最后，参与此独特研究计划的HQP将接触到各种实验学习机会，这对于他们在学术界，政府和行业中的未来职业至关重要。