Modern and deep-time brachiopods: climate change monitors of ocean warming, acidification and deoxygenation

现代和深海腕足动物：海洋变暖、酸化和脱氧的气候变化监测器

• 批准号: RGPIN-2020-05196
• 负责人: Brand, Uwe
• 金额: $ 2.19万
• 依托单位: Brock University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2021-01-01 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=740444
• 关键词: Modern; deep; time; brachiopods; climate

The proposed research program of the next funding period aims to expand on the existing geochemistry database of modern brachiopods (GDB), and it will provide important additional information about the warming and acidification of the northeast Atlantic, Pacific and Southern Oceans. The modern brachiopods obtained from British Columbia, Atlantic Canada, Chile, Argentina, New Zealand and Antarctica will be invaluable in, a) documenting changes in the degree of ocean acidification over the past 100+ years, b) documenting similar changes in associated ocean warming during that same time, c) assessing the adaptability of brachiopods and some other marine invertebrates to natural ocean acidification and warming, d) modelling changes in climate change of the next century, and e) revealing more details about the oceanographic changes associated with some of the largest past mass extinctions (e.g., end Permian, early Jurassic). Student training will be as hands on as possible to provide them with the greatest acquisition of new and advanced geoscience skills, supplemented by essential technical, analytical and evaluation skill sets. These should serve them well for their future career in professional geoscience or advanced academic study. The brachiopod-based database will be unique in its composition by examining brachiopods from the intertidal to abyssal reaches of the oceans and seas, from warm tropical to cold polar settings, from low to high latitudes. Coupled with their wide geographic and geologic distribution and resistance to diagenetic alteration they will be novel monitors of oceanographic change and of Earth-changing climate events. A new and novel prospect is the potential of brachiopods to track changes in not only ocean temperature and pH but also of atmospheric carbon dioxide and methane. This totally new information may be an important supplement or invaluable complement to the results from the open-ocean time-series at Bermuda (BATS), Hawaii (HOT), New Zealand (Munida), and others (most are limited to results for just the past 30-40 years), or information gathered by Department of Fisheries personnel at light stations along the coasts of Canada. Our in- and near-shore oceanic information is important because it extends the time series information into the early 1900's and sometimes beyond that to 120+ years. Also, the modern database of over 3000+ results should be of interest in providing baseline oceanographic parameters for the 20th century, from well before the open-ocean ARGO system of oceanographic data collection was started. Furthermore, our mostly in- and near-shore data should provide important oceanographic insight to the fish stock management industries along the west and east coasts of Canada. Documentation of ocean warming and acidification along the two coast lines will be of extreme importance to the sport and commercial fish industries and the economy of Canada.

下一个资助期拟议的研究计划旨在扩展现有的现代腕足动物地球化学数据库（GDB），并将提供有关东北大西洋、太平洋和南大洋变暖和酸化的重要附加信息。从不列颠哥伦比亚省、加拿大大西洋地区、智利、阿根廷、新西兰和南极洲获得的现代腕足动物将具有无价的价值：a) 记录过去 100 多年海洋酸化程度的变化，b) 记录相关海洋变暖的类似变化在此同时，c) 评估腕足动物和其他一些海洋无脊椎动物对自然海洋酸化和变暖的适应性，d) 模拟下个世纪气候变化的变化，以及 e)揭示与过去一些最大的大规模灭绝（例如二叠纪末、侏罗纪早期）相关的海洋变化的更多细节。学生培训将尽可能以实际操作方式进行，以使他们能够最大程度地掌握新的和先进的地球科学技能，并辅以基本的技术、分析和评估技能。这些应该对他们未来在专业地球科学或高级学术研究中的职业生涯有很好的帮助。基于腕足动物的数据库在其组成上将是独一无二的，通过检查从海洋潮间带到深海、从温暖的热带到寒冷的极地、从低纬度到高纬度的腕足类动物。再加上它们广泛的地理和地质分布以及对成岩作用的抵抗力，它们将成为海洋变化和地球变化气候事件的新监测器。 腕足动物不仅可以追踪海洋温度和 pH 值的变化，还可以追踪大气中二氧化碳和甲烷的变化，这是一个新的前景。这个全新的信息可能是对百慕大 (BATS)、夏威夷 (HOT)、新西兰 (Munida) 和其他国家的公海时间序列结果的重要补充或宝贵补充（大多数仅限于仅用于过去 30-40 年），或渔业部人员在加拿大沿海灯塔收集的信息。我们的近岸和近岸海洋信息非常重要，因为它将时间序列信息延伸至 1900 年代初期，有时甚至超过 120 多年。此外，包含 3000 多个结果的现代数据库应该有兴趣提供 20 世纪的基线海洋学参数，早在公海 ARGO 海洋学数据收集系统启动之前。此外，我们的大部分近岸数据应该为加拿大西海岸和东海岸的鱼类种群管理行业提供重要的海洋学见解。两条海岸线海洋变暖和酸化的记录对于运动和商业渔业以及加拿大的经济极其重要。