Sustainable Recovery of Gold using Biomass Wastes in an Alkaline-Acidic Hybrid System

在碱性-酸性混合系统中利用生物质废物可持续回收黄金

• 批准号: RGPIN-2020-06989
• 负责人: Alam, Shafiq
• 金额: $ 2.4万
• 依托单位: University of Saskatchewan
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2020-01-01 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=718598
• 关键词: Sustainable; Recovery; Gold; using; Biomass

The gold processing industry extracts gold by leaching ore in cyanide solution followed by adsorption on activated carbon and electrowinning. However, both cyanidation and carbon adsorption have some major problems. Since cyanide is very toxic, gold plants are forced to destroy the cyanide in effluent that results in loss of expensive cyanide and increase in the overall operating cost. On the other hand, activated carbon, which is manufactured at 600-1200 oC, is expensive and it is not selective to gold only, hence further refining is necessary to produce pure gold. Also, during adsorption, gold is trapped inside the micro-pore of activated carbon that requires high temperature elution to reactivate the carbon. As a result, manufacturing and regenerating of activated carbon represents a major portion of the operating cost in a mining operation. Also, it releases greenhouse gases to the environment. To overcome these problems, in 2011, I started my NSERC Discovery research program to develop an innovative and sustainable gold recovery technology. In our process, gold was recovered from aqueous solution by biosorption on our adsorbents having novel functional groups. These adsorbents were prepared in a very simple process by crosslinking different biomass wastes with sulphuric acid at 100 oC. Biosorption is a new field in hydrometallurgical research, and since 2011, we made tremendous advancement in this area, generating 67 publications in high quality journals and in world-class conference proceedings. From this research, we found some remarkable results, such as: 1) unlike activated carbon, only gold is adsorbed on our novel bioadsorbents, hence no further treatment is necessary for impurity removal; and 2) when gold is adsorbed on our novel bioadsorbent, it is simultaneously reduced to metallic gold. These ground-breaking findings will make gold recovery much simpler, more cost-effective and energy efficient because no stripping, high temperature elution, and electrowinning are necessary. However, we observed that simultaneous adsorption-reduction of gold on our novel bio-adsorbents only takes place in acidic chloride media but not in alkaline cyanide solutions. Considering the urgent need to improve the gold cyanidation process, in the proposed research, I plan to recover gold using our novel bioadsorbents in an alkaline-acidic hybrid system where gold will be leached in an alkaline cyanide solution followed by acidification to recycle cyanide back to the leaching plant leaving behind gold in an acidic chloride media for simultaneous biosorption-bioreduction to produce pure gold. Our proposed biosorption process with recycling of toxic cyanide will ensure zero emission to the environment. This will eliminate the current practice of destruction of expensive cyanide in the effluent and result in huge cost savings for the industry and minimization of greenhouse gas emissions. Canadian mining companies will benefit from this innovative research.

黄金加工业通过将矿石浸入氰化物溶液中，然后用活性炭吸附和电解提取来提取金。然而，氰化和碳吸附都存在一些重大问题。由于氰化物毒性很大，金矿厂被迫销毁废水中的氰化物，导致昂贵的氰化物损失并增加总体运营成本。另一方面，在600-1200 oC下生产的活性炭价格昂贵，并且仅对金没有选择性，因此需要进一步精炼才能生产纯金。此外，在吸附过程中，金被困在活性炭的微孔内，需要高温洗脱才能重新激活活性炭。因此，活性炭的制造和再生占采矿作业运营成本的主要部分。此外，它还会向环境释放温室气体。 为了克服这些问题，2011 年，我启动了 NSERC Discovery 研究计划，以开发创新且可持续的黄金回收技术。在我们的工艺中，通过具有新颖官能团的吸附剂的生物吸附从水溶液中回收金。这些吸附剂的制备过程非常简单，通过在 100 oC 下将不同的生物质废物与硫酸交联。生物吸附是湿法冶金研究的一个新领域，自 2011 年以来，我们在该领域取得了巨大进步，在高质量期刊和世界一流的会议论文集上发表了 67 篇论文。从这项研究中，我们发现了一些显着的结果，例如：1）与活性炭不同，我们的新型生物吸附剂只吸附金，因此不需要进一步处理来去除杂质； 2）当金被吸附在我们的新型生物吸附剂上时，它同时被还原成金属金。这些突破性的发现将使黄金回收变得更加简单、更具成本效益和能源效率，因为不需要剥离、高温洗脱和电解沉积。然而，我们观察到金在我们的新型生物吸附剂上的同时吸附-还原仅发生在酸性氯化物介质中，而不是在碱性氰化物溶液中。 考虑到改进金氰化工艺的迫切需要，在拟议的研究中，我计划在碱酸混合系统中使用我们的新型生物吸附剂来回收金，其中金将在碱性氰化物溶液中浸出，然后酸化以将氰化物回收回浸出厂将金留在酸性氯化物介质中，同时进行生物吸附-生物还原以生产纯金。我们提出的回收有毒氰化物的生物吸附工艺将确保对环境的零排放。这将消除目前销毁废水中昂贵的氰化物的做法，并为该行业节省大量成本并最大限度地减少温室气体排放。加拿大矿业公司将从这项创新研究中受益。