Development and Applications of Far Infrared Radiometry in Cold Atmospheres

寒冷大气中远红外辐射测量技术的发展与应用

• 批准号: RGPIN-2019-07256
• 负责人: Blanchet, JeanPierre
• 金额: $ 3.13万
• 依托单位: Université du Québec à Montréal
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2020-01-01 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=716220
• 关键词: Development; Applications; Far; Infrared; Radiometry

The general aim of my research and for this proposal is to investigate the indirect effects of anthropogenic emission in the form of aerosols and precursor gases on the atmospheric water cycle at high latitudes. Central to this study is the observation of optically Thin Ice Clouds (TIC) and light precipitation (diamond dust), accounting for nearly 50% of the annual precipitation in the Arctic. Yet many of the occurrence of TIC are misreported as clear sky, since a ground observer sees stars during the polar night. Still, frequent light precipitations are reported as “trace”, without a quantitative evaluation. As a result, TIC processes are still poorly represented in atmospheric models, leading to forecasting errors. It is now recognized that man-made aerosols can alter cloud and precipitation. The originality of my research is to fill an existing gap in cloud and light precipitation observation at high latitudes using a highly innovative method in the far infrared (FIR). These clouds, sensitive to aerosols via ice nucleation, can significantly modulate the amount of FIR (8-50µm) radiation escaping the Earth and affecting temperatures in the upper to mid troposphere and at the surface. Since FIR signature of clouds is very sensitive to their properties (crystals size and shape) and optical depth, these quantities can also be retrieved from ground-based and satellite observations. In this discovery program, theoretical calculations and measurements are used to show how the atmospheric far IR will provide valuable information for weather forecasting, data assimilation and climate simulations, about its water vapour content, the microphysical characteristics of ice clouds and common light precipitation. In this context, I am leading the “Thin Ice Clouds in the Far InfraRed Experiment” (TICFIRE) as a forthcoming satellite mission at the Canadian Space Agency (CSA). Endorsed by the Year of Polar Prediction program (YOPP, 2017-22), a World Meteorological Organisation initiative, in collaboration with the Canadian Space Agency (CSA) and Environment Canada (ECCC), with other universities and the industry (INO, LR Tech, Honeywell), I am leading new measurements in the mid and far IR range to advance our knowledge of TIC Polar clouds. This fall (2018), we have deployed the new Far IR Radiometer (FIRR-2), base on an innovative Canadian technology. The FIRR is a prototype for the future TICFIRE satellite and for a new ground-based instrument aimed to improve monitoring and weather prediction in Polar Regions. Under YOPP program, I am conducting innovative experiments and extended data analysis leading to operational applications of the FIRR and to study TIC microphysics and radiation interaction. Central to these measurements is the ability to evaluate accurately the size of ice crystals, here, my recent results have shown that for cold polar clouds and cirrus, the FIRR can outperform and complement other technologies.

我的研究和本提案的总体目标是调查气溶胶和前体气体形式的人为排放对高纬度大气水循环的间接影响。这项研究的核心是光学薄冰云（TIC）的观测。 ）和轻微降水（钻石尘），占北极年降水量的近 50%，然而，许多 TIC 的发生都被错误地报告为晴空，因为地面观察者在极夜仍能看到星星。降水被报告为“痕量”，没有进行定量评估，因此，TIC过程在大气模型中仍然表现不佳，导致预测错误。现在人们认识到人造气溶胶可以改变云和降水的原始性。我的研究是使用高度创新的远红外（FIR）方法来填补高纬度地区云和光降水观测的现有空白。这些云通过冰成核对气溶胶敏感，可以显着调节远红外的量。 (8-50μm) 辐射逃离地球并影响对流层中上层和地表的温度，由于云的 FIR 特征对其特性（晶体尺寸和形状）和光学深度非常敏感，因此也可以检索这些量。在这个发现计划中，理论计算和测量用于展示大气远红外如何为天气预报、数据同化和气候模拟提供有关其水蒸气的宝贵信息。在此背景下，我正在领导加拿大航天局（CSA）即将开展的一项卫星任务“远红外薄冰云实验”（TICFIRE）。极地预测年计划（YOPP，2017-22）是世界气象组织的一项倡议，与加拿大航天局（CSA）和加拿大环境部（ECCC）以及其他大学和业界合作（INO、LR Tech、霍尼韦尔），我正在领导中远红外范围的新测量，以增进我们对 TIC 极地云的了解。今年秋天（2018 年），我们部署了新的远红外辐射计 (FIRR-2)， FIRR 是未来 TICFIRE 卫星和新型地面仪器的原型，旨在改善极地地区的监测和天气预报。在 YOPP 计划下，我正在进行创新实验和扩展。数据分析导致 FIRR 的操作应用并研究 TIC 微物理和辐射相互作用，这些测量的核心是准确评估冰晶大小的能力，在这里，我最近的结果表明，对于寒冷的极地云和卷云， FIRR 可以超越并补充其他技术。