Development of functional language brain networks: a multimodal neuroimaging approach

功能性语言大脑网络的发展：多模式神经影像方法

• 批准号: RGPIN-2020-05029
• 负责人: Gallagher, Anne
• 金额: $ 4.44万
• 依托单位: Université de Montréal
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2020-01-01 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=717509
• 关键词: Development; functional; language; brain; networks

Speech processing and language development play a crucial role in the development of social skills and most cognitive functions. However, the development of brain pathways sustaining language functions remains unclear. Many challenges are associated with the study of language development in young children due to methodological limitations of most brain imaging techniques. For instance, most techniques require the participant to stay motionless and to perform a language task during recording the brain activity, which is not possible in young children. In this research program, my first objective is to develop child-friendly brain imaging approaches and data analyses tools that will be used to achieve my second objective that is to better understand the development of brain networks associated with language functions in children. Through three specifics studies, I will use sophisticated child-friendly imaging techniques, namely optical imaging, or NIRS, and electrophysiology, or EEG, that overcome the methodological limitations of other techniques for studying language in infants and children. In Study 1, I will develop a cutting-edge NIRS-EEG analysis tool that will be used in the subsequent studies to improve data quality. Study 2 will constitute the first neuroimaging study to characterize the developmental trajectory of language brain networks between 0 and 36 months, which is a crucial period for language acquisition. Infants will undergo NIRS-EEG recordings and communicative assessments at birth, 4, 8, 12, 18, 24, and 36 months to follow their brain and language development, respectively. Finally, Study 3 will assess the impact of prenatal linguistic exposure on language brain networks, by exposing foetuses to foreign languages during the third trimester of pregnancy using headphones placed on the mothers' abdomen. Results will bring significant information on how the fetal linguistic environment can influence later language development. Overall, the proposed research program will provide new brain imaging tools to study language and brain development in neonates, infants and young children and will give a better understanding of developmental patterns of language cerebral networks, which can greatly influence social and cognitive development in children.

语音处理和语言发展在社交技能和大多数认知功能的发展中起着至关重要的作用。但是，维持语言功能的大脑通道的发展尚不清楚。由于大多数大脑成像技术的方法论局限性，许多挑战与幼儿语言发展的研究有关。例如，大多数技术要求参与者在记录大脑活动时保持一动不动，并执行语言任务，这在幼儿中是不可能的。在该研究计划中，我的第一个目标是开发儿童友好的大脑成像方法和数据分析工具，这些工具将用于实现我的第二个目标，即更好地了解与儿童语言功能相关的大脑网络的发展。通过三项细节研究，我将使用精致的儿童友好成像技术，即光学成像，NIR和电生理学或脑电图，以克服对婴儿和儿童研究语言的方法学限制。在研究1中，我将开发一个尖端的NIRS-EEG分析工具，该工具将在随后的研究中用于提高数据质量。研究2将构成第一个神经影像学研究，以表征0到36个月之间语言脑网络的发育轨迹，这是语言获取的关键时期。婴儿将在出生时进行4、8、12、18、24和36个月的出生时进行NIRS-EEG录音和沟通评估，分别跟随他们的大脑和语言发展。最后，研究3将通过使用耳机对母亲的腹部使用耳机将胎儿暴露于怀孕的三个月中，以评估产前语言暴露对语言脑网络的影响。结果将带来有关胎儿语言环境如何影响后来语言发展的重要信息。总体而言，拟议的研究计划将提供新的脑成像工具来研究新生儿，婴儿和幼儿的语言和大脑发展，并将更好地了解语言大脑网络的发展模式，这可以极大地影响儿童的社会和认知发展。