"Earthquake-Proof?" - Towards Resilient and Economical Steel Building Systems

“防震吗？”

• 批准号: RGPIN-2020-04785
• 负责人: Wiebe, Lydell
• 金额: $ 2.26万
• 依托单位: McMaster University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2020-01-01 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=717373
• 关键词: Earthquake; Proof; Towards; Resilient; Economical

Many owners expect new buildings to be “earthquake-proof,” defined in this proposal as an ideal of perfect seismic resilience (zero failure probability and consequences, zero time to recovery). Conversely, most current seismic design is based on allowing damage to selected “ductile” parts of a structure, resulting in performance that is far from “earthquake-proof.” This difference between the expectations of engineers and of the public was highlighted by the 2010-2011 earthquakes near Christchurch, New Zealand, which led to the demolition of over one thousand buildings. In Canada, a single large earthquake is expected to cause over $60 billion in losses, several times more devastating than the costliest natural disaster in Canadian history. In smaller but more frequent earthquakes, losses are likely to be dominated by damage to Operational and Functional Components (OFCs, i.e. non-structural elements such as cladding and mechanical equipment) that are only minimally considered in typical design. The socioeconomic impact of these earthquakes would be felt not only through direct repair costs, but also indirect losses like downtime during repair. Even if completely “earthquake-proof” construction may not be attainable, there is still a clear need to move towards the more seismically resilient construction that the public expects, while still minimizing construction costs. To this end, the objectives of Focus Area A include validating Canadian design guidelines for Controlled Rocking Braced Frames (CRBFs), both coupled with the gravity framing system (G-CRBFs) and separated from it, so that they can be considered for inclusion in the National Building Code and CSA Standard S16 (Design of Steel Structures). In Focus Area B, the objectives include validating design provisions for “strongback braced frames” with Replaceable Brace Modules (RBMs) recently developed by the applicant. Finally, recognizing that seismically resilient construction will require both structural systems that can be quickly repaired and OFCs that can withstand the demands they experience, Focus Area C will use Artificial Intelligence to optimize the seismic design of steel building systems within a Performance-Based Earthquake Engineering framework, with an objective of providing guidance on how to design to minimize total seismic losses. The long-term vision of this research program is for seismic resilience to become a routine objective for all engineered structures in Canada, rather than an enhanced objective reserved for exceptional structures. Building on the applicant's demonstrated leadership in earthquake engineering for enhanced seismic resilience of steel building systems, the proposed research will have direct benefits for Canada by providing guidance to reduce the socioeconomic cost of earthquakes, while providing an inclusive environment for training Highly Qualified Personnel (HQP) to lead the field towards more seismically resilient and economical structures.

许多业主期望新建筑能够“抗震”，在该提案中将其定义为完美的抗震能力（零故障概率和后果，零恢复时间），大多数当前的抗震设计都是基于允许对选定的损坏。结构的“延性”部分，导致其性能远未达到“抗震”水平。2010-2011 年新西兰基督城附近发生的地震凸显了工程师与公众期望之间的差异。新西兰的一场大地震导致加拿大 1000 多座建筑物被毁，预计将造成超过 600 亿美元的损失，比加拿大历史上规模较小但频率更高的自然灾害造成的损失还要大好几倍。损失可能主要是操作和功能组件（OFC，即包层和机械设备等非结构元素）的损坏，在典型设计中仅最低程度地考虑这些地震的主权影响。不仅有直接的维修成本，还有间接损失，例如维修期间的停机时间。 即使完全“抗震”的建筑可能无法实现，但仍然明显需要朝着公众期望的抗震能力更强的建筑发展，同时仍然最大限度地降低建筑成本。为此，重点领域 A 的目标包括。验证加拿大受控摇摆支撑框架 (CRBF) 的设计指南，两者均与重力框架系统 (G-CRBF) 耦合并与之分离，以便考虑将其纳入国家建筑规范和 CSA 标准 S16 （钢结构设计）。在重点领域 B 中，目标包括验证申请人最近开发的可更换支撑模块 (RBM) 的“强背支撑框架”的设计规定。最后，认识到抗震建筑将需要以下两种结构系统。可以快速修复并且 OFC 可以承受其所经历的需求，重点领域 C 将使用人工智能在基于性能的地震工程框架内优化钢结构建筑系统的抗震设计，目标是提供有关如何设计以最大限度地减少总地震损失的指导。 该研究计划的长期愿景是使抗震能力成为加拿大所有工程结构的常规目标，而不是为特殊结构保留的增强目标，以申请人在地震工程方面表现出的领导力为基础，增强钢的抗震能力。建筑系统中，拟议的研究将为加拿大带来直接好处，为减少地震的社会经济成本提供指导，同时为培训高素质人员（HQP）提供包容性环境，以引领该领域发展抗震能力更强且经济的结构。