Soil invertebrates under global change

全球变化下的土壤无脊椎动物

• 批准号: RGPIN-2019-05758
• 负责人: Cameron, Erin
• 金额: $ 2.4万
• 依托单位: Saint Mary's University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2020-01-01 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=715784
• 关键词: Soil; invertebrates; under; global; change

Communities and ecosystems are increasingly being impacted by global change but much of our understanding of these impacts in terrestrial ecosystems is based on aboveground organisms. In contrast, although soils are highly diverse and support many key ecosystem functions such as carbon cycling, we have a limited understanding of global change impacts belowground and in particular how impacts vary across spatial and temporal scales. My research focuses on addressing this gap in our knowledge using a combination of field observations, experiments, modelling, and data synthesis. I use earthworms as a model group in my research because they act as ecosystem engineers with the potential for large impacts on other organisms and because many species have invaded new regions. My students and I will investigate the following key questions: 1) How are soil invertebrates distributed across multiple spatial scales and how will this be altered by global change? We will examine effects of global change on earthworm biodiversity over time, and on distributions of non-native earthworm species. We will also investigate the relative importance of climate, habitat, and human activity in determining northern distributions of non-native earthworms and use this information to model potential future distributions. 2) How does global change directly and indirectly impact species interactions and community composition in the soil? We will test how changes in plant communities (e.g., shrub expansion) due to climate warming affect soil invertebrate communities and litter decomposition in northern ecosystems. 3) How do changes in species distributions and communities impact ecosystem functioning? We will examine how shifts in soil macrofauna communities occurring as a result of global change affect ecosystem functions such as microbial respiration. Five undergraduate students, three graduate students, and one postdoctoral fellow will be trained during the course of this grant. In addition, a citizen science project will provide the public with the opportunity to directly participate in this research. Publications from this research will provide key insights into how global change affects soil communities and ecosystem functioning, as well as how biodiversity and invasion theories apply to belowground systems.

社区和生态系统越来越受到全球变化的影响，但是我们对陆地生态系统中这些影响的许多理解是基于地上生物的。相比之下，尽管土壤高度多样，并且支持许多关键的生态系统功能，例如碳循环，但我们对地下的全球变化影响有限，尤其是在空间和时间尺度上的影响如何变化。我的研究重点是使用现场观察，实验，建模和数据综合的结合来解决我们的知识中的这一差距。我在研究中将earth用作模型组，因为它们是生态系统工程师，可能会对其他生物产生重大影响，并且许多物种都入侵了新区域。我和我的学生将研究以下关键问题： 1）土壤无脊椎动物如何分布在多个空间尺度上，如何随着全球变化而改变？我们将随着时间的流逝以及非本地earth物种的分布对全球变化对earth生物多样性的影响。我们还将研究气候，栖息地和人类活动在确定非本地earth的北部分布中的相对重要性，并使用此信息来模拟潜在的未来分布。 2）全球如何直接和间接影响土壤中的物种相互作用和社区组成？我们将测试由于气候变暖引起的植物群落的变化（例如，灌木的扩张）如何影响北部生态系统中土壤无脊椎动物群落和垃圾分解。 3）物种分布和社区的变化如何影响生态系统的功能？我们将研究由于全球变化会影响生态系统功能，例如微生物呼吸，因此土壤大型群岛群落的转变是如何发生的。 在这笔赠款期间，将对五名本科生，三名研究生和一名博士后研究员进行培训。此外，公民科学项目将为公众提供直接参与这项研究的机会。这项研究的出版物将提供有关全球变化如何影响土壤社区和生态系统功能的关键见解，以及生物多样性和入侵理论如何适用于地下系统。