The evolution and the interplay of the luminous and dark matter content of massive (compact) galaxies

大质量（致密）星系的发光物质和暗物质含量的演化和相互作用

• 批准号: RGPIN-2018-05425
• 负责人: Damjanov, Ivana
• 金额: $ 2.11万
• 依托单位: Saint Mary's University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2020-01-01 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=713674
• 关键词: evolution; interplay; luminous; dark; matter

The assembly of massive galaxies is a key test for the models of galaxy formation and evolution. At high redshift, when the Universe was a fraction of its current age, we observe massive galaxies with no signatures of active star formation that are several times smaller than their similarly massive non-star-forming counterparts in the nearby universe. Some observational and theoretical studies have suggested that ultra-compact massive systems should completely disappear as the universe ages. Spectroscopic measurements reveal galaxy's distance and its nature. High-resolution images show how compact galaxies really are. Using both observational facets simultaneously, I discovered a population of dense non-star-forming (i.e., quiescent) galaxies at distances when the universe was more than half of its current age. This extreme, relatively close galaxy population bridges the gap between distant and local universe and provides an insight into the transitional channels between massive compact galaxies and extended stellar systems we observe in the Milky Way's neighbourhood. The abundance of compact massive systems in mature universe presents an opportunity to study properties of extreme galaxies that are not easily accessible at larger distances and earlier cosmic times. Using massive quiescent compact galaxy samples I have shown that ultra-dense galaxies preferentially reside in dense regions of galaxy clusters, and that they span a range of galaxy ages: from systems that have just stopped forming stars to the ones that have been "red and dead" for a few billion years. Building on these compelling results, I will employ dense spectroscopic surveys, high-resolution large-area space- and/or ground-based imaging, and strong gravitational lensing to: 1) trace the assembly of massive compact systems, 2) explore the relations between compact and extended massive galaxies, and 3) study the interplay between compact galaxy light profiles and their dark matter halo evolution. Dense spectroscopic surveys of all galaxies (above certain brightness limit) detected in high-resolution images will provide complete galaxy samples that include both typical galaxies and the most extreme, rare objects. In addition to mapping out the temporal evolution of extreme systems, these datasets will enable the search for links between the assembly of typical galaxies and the transformations we observe in the most extreme systems. The mass distribution (luminous and dark matter) of strong lensing galaxy clusters bends the light from a distant source producing multiple images, arcs and/or rings. By reconstructing the observed shapes of lensing arcs we can map the distribution of the total mass within galaxy cluster. A sample of ultra-dense galaxies in strong lensing clusters will unveil the role that the environment of massive compact galaxies plays in sculpting their dark matter and light profiles.

大规模星系的组装是对星系形成和进化模型的关键测试。在高红移时，当宇宙是其当前年龄的一小部分时，我们观察到大型星系，没有活跃星形的签名，这些星系比附近宇宙中的类似巨大的非星形形成的符号小几倍。一些观察性研究和理论研究表明，随着宇宙年龄的增长，超紧凑的大型系统应完全消失。 光谱测量结果揭示了银河系的距离及其性质。高分辨率图像显示了紧凑的星系的真实程度。同时使用两个观察方面，我发现宇宙超过其当前年龄的一半以上时，在距离处有一个密集的非星形形成（即静止）星系。这个极端，相对接近的银河系人口弥合了遥远和当地宇宙之间的差距，并深入了解了我们在银河系邻里观察到的大规模紧凑星系和扩展恒星系统之间的过渡通道。成熟宇宙中的大量巨大系统丰富的大规模系统为研究极端星系的特性提供了机会，而极端星系的特性在较大的距离和更早的宇宙时代不容易访问。使用大量静止的紧凑星系样品，我已经表明，超密集的星系优先驻留在星系簇的密集区域中，并且它们跨越了一系列的星系年龄：从刚刚停止形成恒星的系统到已经是“红色和“红色”的系统死了几十亿年。 在这些引人注目的结果的基础上，我将采用密集的光谱调查，高分辨率大面积空间和/或地面成像，以及强烈的引力镜头，以：1）追踪大规模紧凑系统的组装，2）探索关系在紧凑和扩展的大型星系之间，以及3）研究紧凑的星系光谱与它们的暗物质光环演化之间的相互作用。在高分辨率图像中检测到的所有星系的密集光谱调查（高于某些亮度极限）将提供完整的星系样品，包括典型的星系和最极端的稀有物体。除了绘制极端系统的时间演变外，这些数据集还将搜索典型星系组装与我们在最极端系统中观察到的转换之间的链接。强透镜星系簇的质量分布（发光和暗物质）弯曲了远处的光，产生了多个图像，弧和/或环。通过重建镜头弧的观察到的形状，我们可以绘制星系簇中总质量的分布。在强透镜簇中的超密集星系样品将揭示出大规模紧凑星系环境在雕刻其暗物质和光谱曲线中发挥作用的作用。