Earthquake source processes of natural and anthropogenic origins

自然和人为来源的地震震源过程

• 批准号: RGPIN-2018-05389
• 负责人: Liu, Yajing
• 金额: $ 4.44万
• 依托单位: McGill University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2020-01-01 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=713640
• 关键词: Earthquake; source; processes; natural; anthropogenic

Over the past couple of decades, increasingly dense and high-resolution Earth observatory networks have revealed a wide spectrum of seismic and aseismic deformation modes along major plate boundaries and within relatively stable plate interiors. While tectonic earthquakes are dominant in seismic energy release, human activities in resource exploration are also making significant contributions to the occurrence of seismicity. My research program seeks to understand the source mechanism of natural and anthropogenic earthquakes, including seismic and aseismic slip processes, from the perspectives of numerical modeling and observational seismology. On the numerical modeling front, my group will further develop earthquake physics models for understanding episodic slow slip events and interaction with earthquakes in major subduction zones. We will use geodetic and seismological observations, onshore and offshore, along the Cascadia margin to constrain fault frictional properties, which in turn will guide megathrust earthquake rupture scenario simulations to be used in seismic hazard assessment. This approach will be applied to other subduction zones where there is sufficient geodetic and seismic coverage. On the observational front, we will utilize seismic, geodetic and groundwater sampling data from a dense array in northeast British Columbia, where active hydraulic fracturing during shale gas exploration has been inferred to cause a dramatic increase in seismicity rate in the past decade. By combining earthquake source parameter inversion, ground displacement monitoring and integration to fluid injection history to a poroelastic model, we seek to achieve a comprehensive understanding of the source processes of seismicity induced by fluid injection in the western Canada sedimentary basin. I will also participate in the design and implementation of an ocean bottom seismometer experiment along the St-Lawrence River, data collected from which will complement those from the land stations to help constrain details of seismicity and illuminate the crustal and upper mantle structure along active seismic zones in eastern Canada In summary, my research program will make fundamental contributions to our understanding of a wide spectrum of fault slip behavior both along major boundary faults and continental interior seismic zones, of either natural or anthropogenic origins. The results will promote the transition from conceptual understanding towards quantitative prediction of earthquakes and slow slip, and improve our ability for earthquake forecast and hazard assessment.

在过去的几十年中，越来越致密和高分辨率的地球天文台网络揭示了沿主要板界和相对稳定的板板内部沿着主要板块边界沿线的地震和无压变形模式。虽然构造地震在地震能量释放中占主导地位，但资源探索中的人类活动也为地震活动的发生做出了重大贡献。我的研究计划旨在从数值建模和观察性地震学的角度了解自然和人为地震的来源机制，包括地震和无性滑移过程。 在数值建模方面，我的小组将进一步开发地震物理模型，以理解主要俯冲带中的情节慢滑动事件并与地震相互作用。我们将使用Cascadia边缘沿着陆上和海上的地震和地震学观测来限制断层摩擦特性，这反过来又将指导巨型地震破裂的场景模拟，用于地震危险评估。这种方法将应用于其他俯冲带，那里有足够的地震覆盖范围。 在观察方面，我们将利用来自不列颠哥伦比亚省东北部茂密阵列的地震，地球和地下水采样数据，在过去十年中，已经推断出了页岩气勘探期间的积极液压压裂，以引起地震速率的急剧增加。通过将地震源参数倒置结合，地面位移监测和与流体注入史的整合到毛弹性模型中，我们寻求对加拿大西部沉积盆地流体注入引起的地震性的源源过程进行全面的了解。我还将参与沿St劳伦斯河沿着海洋底部地震计实验的设计和实施，从中收集的数据将与陆地站的数据进行补充，以帮助限制地震性的细节，并照亮加拿大东部地区活跃地震区的地壳和上层地幔结构 总而言之，我的研究计划将对我们对自然或人为起源的主要边界断层和大陆室内地震区域的广泛断层行为做出基本贡献。结果将促进从概念理解到地震定量预测和缓慢滑移的过渡，并提高我们进行地震预测和危害评估的能力。