The Capacity of Populations to Respond to Climate Change

民众应对气候变化的能力

• 批准号: RGPIN-2017-06045
• 负责人: Neff, Bryan
• 金额: $ 2.4万
• 依托单位: University of Western Ontario
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2020-01-01 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=712016
• 关键词: Capacity; Populations; Respond; Climate; Change

Climate change has the potential to reshape patterns of biodiversity on a global scale. Despite widespread recognition of these concerns, researchers are still trying to answer the central question: do populations have the capacity to respond to climate change or will they go extinct? Projected temperature increases are likely to be especially challenging for ectothermic species those that rely on external heat sources to control body temperature because of the many effects that temperature has on the biology of these organisms. Thermal performance defines the relationship between an individual's body temperature and fitness, and can be used as a framework for understanding the current geographical distributions of ectothermic species, and to predict the vulnerability of species to climate change. My research program will specifically assess the thermal performance of the cardiorespiratory system and its capacity to respond to climate change in both tropical and temperate fishes. The cardiorespiratory system is expected to be tightly linked to fitness in fishes, and its failure under heat stress may be a leading factor affecting population viability. My lab will detail both the responses of individuals exposed to higher temperatures during their lifetime (“phenotypic plasticity”) and the potential genetic responses of populations over evolutionary time (“adaptive potential”). My lab will also work to understand the mechanistic basis of variation in thermal performance by studying the contributions of heart morphology and mitochondrial efficiency to the upper temperature limits at which heart function collapses. Using experimental microcosms, we will provide a critical test of the hypothesized relationship between thermal performance traits and fitness, and thereby characterize the strength of selection acting on these traits. I will further monitor the evolution of thermal performance traits at elevated temperatures for multiple generations, measuring changes in adaptive potential and phenotypic plasticity and using a genomics approach to identify specific candidate genes associated with adaptation. These data will address gaps in our understanding of thermal performance, and are critical to construct predictive models of population and species extinction risk based on climate change scenarios. My lab will continue to work with decision-makers in government to incorporate these data and predictions into policy, particularly around the management of salmon, which are economically and socially important fishes to Canadians. My research program will thus address questions at the forefront of climate change research, and will provide a training environment that will allow my students to find employment in diverse sectors including academics, government and industry.

尽管人们普遍认识到这些担忧，但气候变化有可能重塑全球生物多样性格局，但研究人员仍在试图回答核心问题：人类是否有能力应对气候变化，或者是否会因预计的温度而灭绝？对于那些依赖外部热源来控制体温的变温物种来说，温度的增加可能尤其具有挑战性，因为温度对这些生物体的生物学有许多影响。热性能决定了个体的体温和健康之间的关系。可以用作我的研究计划将专门评估热带和温带鱼类的心肺系统的热性能及其应对气候变化的能力。心肺系统预计与鱼类的健康密切相关，其在热应激下的衰竭可能是影响种群活力的主要因素，我的实验室将详细介绍个体在其一生中暴露于较高温度的反应（“表型”）。可塑性”）以及群体在进化过程中的潜在遗传反应（“适应潜力”）。我的实验室还将通过研究心脏形态和线粒体效率对温度上限的贡献来了解热性能变化的机制基础。使用实验微观世界，我们将对热性能特征和适应性之间的关系进行关键测试，从而表征对这些特征的选择强度，我将进一步监测热性能特征的演变。多代的高温，测量适应潜力和表型可塑性的变化，并使用基因组学方法来识别与适应相关的特定候选基因，这些数据将解决我们对热性能理解的预测差距，对于构建基于气候变化的种群和物种灭绝风险模型至关重要。我的实验室将继续与政府决策者合作，将这些数据和预测纳入政策，特别是围绕鲑鱼的管理，鲑鱼对加拿大人来说是经济和社会重要的鱼类，因此我的研究计划将解决最前沿的问题。气候变化研究，并将提供培训良好的环境将使我的学生能够在学术、政府和工业等不同领域找到工作。