Combined and synergistic effects of landscape structure and population size fluctuation on genetic variation

景观结构和种群规模波动对遗传变异的联合协同效应

• 批准号: RGPIN-2017-04431
• 负责人: Keyghobadi, Nusha
• 金额: $ 2.04万
• 依托单位: University of Western Ontario
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2020-01-01 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=711039
• 关键词: Combined; synergistic; effects; landscape; structure

Although individuals of a species are similar, they are rarely identical. Individuals differ from each other in many important ways. Those differences that are inherited through genes constitute genetic variation. Genetic variation is critical for species, and the populations that make them up, to survive and evolve. Our lab studies genetic variation and how it is maintained in populations of wild animals. We are interested in two main factors that affect genetic variation. The first is population size. Population size is the number of individuals in a population, and is one of the most important things that determine genetic variation. Larger populations can hold more genetic variation than smaller ones. A drop in population size, because of a severe storm for example, can remove a lot of genetic variation. The second factor is the nature of the surrounding landscape. The landscape affects genetic variation by determining how easily individuals from other areas can move into a population, bringing new genetic variation with them. Many researchers have looked at the separate effects of changes in population size and landscape on genetic variation. But, we do not have a strong understanding of how these processes interact. For example, are the effects of a drop in population size more severe if a population is surrounded by inhospitable landscape? Currently, human land use and climate change are simultaneously altering landscapes and making wildlife populations less stable in size. If we want to prevent harmful effects of these environmental changes, we need a better understanding of how they act in combination. Our lab's goal is therefore to advance understanding of the combined effects of changes in population size and landscape on genetic variation in wild animals. We will study a group of 16 populations of the Rocky Mountain apollo butterfly. Sizes of these populations have been measured each year for over 20 years. Over this time, population sizes dropped dramatically, and then recovered, on two occasions. Samples for genetic analysis have also been collected from these populations yearly. We will use these samples, and modern genomic methods, to measure genetic variation of the populations in different years. We will then look at how genetic variation has changed over time with changes in population size. We will also examine how those changes were affected by characteristics of the surrounding landscape that either block or promote movement of individuals among the populations. These processes are much harder to track in animals that are longer lived or occupy larger areas on the landscape. Our research therefore provides a model for understanding combined effects of changes in population size and landscape on genetic variation in other animals. Our work is important for conservation because it will improve understanding of how human land use and climate change interact to affect wildlife.

尽管一个物种的个体相似，但它们很少相同。个人在许多重要方面彼此不同。通过基因遗传的差异构成遗传变异。遗传变异对于物种和组成的种群至关重要，要生存和进化。我们的实验室研究遗传变异及其在野生动物种群中的维持方式。 我们对影响遗传变异的两个主要因素感兴趣。首先是人口规模。人口规模是人口中的个体数量，也是决定遗传变异的最重要的事情之一。较大的人群比较小的人群可以容纳更多的遗传变异。例如，由于严重的风暴，人口大小的下降可以消除很多遗传变异。第二个因素是周围景观的性质。景观通过确定来自其他领域的个人如何进入人群的方式来影响遗传变异，并带来新的遗传变异。 许多研究人员研究了种群规模和景观变化对遗传变异的单独影响。但是，我们对这些过程如何相互作用没有深入的了解。例如，如果人口被荒凉的景观包围，人口规模下降的影响是否更严重？当前，人类土地使用和气候变化正在同时改变景观，并使野生动植物种群的规模降低。如果我们想防止这些环境变化的有害影响，我们需要更好地了解它们的结合。因此，我们的实验室的目标是提高人们对种群规模和景观变化对野生动物遗传变异的综合影响。 我们将研究一组16个落基山阿波罗蝴蝶的人群。这些人群的尺寸已有20多年的时间测量。在这段时间里，人口规模急剧下降，然后两次恢复。 每年还从这些人群中收集了用于遗传分析的样本。我们将使用这些样本和现代基因组方法来衡量不同年内人群的遗传变异。然后，我们将研究遗传变异随着时间的变化而随着时间的变化而变化。我们还将研究这些变化是如何受到周围景观特征的影响，这些景观的特征会阻止或促进个人在人群中的运动。 这些过程在寿命更长或在景观上占据更大区域的动物中很难追踪。因此，我们的研究提供了一个模型，以了解种群规模和景观变化对其他动物遗传变异的综合影响。我们的工作对于保护很重要，因为它将提高人们对人类土地使用和气候变化如何相互作用以影响野生动植物的理解。