Non-local neuromuscular effects and mechanisms

非局部神经肌肉效应和机制

• 批准号: RGPIN-2017-03728
• 负责人: Behm, David
• 金额: $ 1.82万
• 依托单位: Memorial University of Newfoundland
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2020-01-01 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=710503
• 关键词: Non; local; neuromuscular; effects; mechanisms

Our laboratory has undertaken work on non-local (stress on one body part affecting the performance of another body part) effects of fatigue (crossover fatigue), flexibility and pain. Our recently published review (Halperin et al. 2015) revealed that non-local muscle fatigue (NLMF) effects are more predominant when the lower body (primarily the quadriceps) rather than the upper body is tested. This preference may reflect differences in the neural network of the upper and lower body. There is evidence for NLMF effects to be attributed to primarily neurological mechanisms however there are biochemical, biomechanical and psychological factors also influencing the outcome and these are likely to be inter-related. There are many questions still outstanding on this topic. We have recently provided a revision to a submitted paper that shows that NLMF is more prevalent with adolescent males affecting upper and lower body strength, jump height and balance performance. The decreases in the contralateral limb were nearly as substantial as the fatigued limb emphasizing the important role of the nervous system with fatigue in male youth. We also recently published the only study with adolescent girls showing the NLMF effect was less apparent in this group (Reid et al. 2016). There are no investigations comparing contralateral to ipsilateral non-local responses, which would help highlight neural fatigue pathways. Such investigations enhance our understanding of basic muscle fatigue mechanisms. Our non-local changes in flexibility and pain may be important findings for those suffering from localized contraction flexures from strokes or if stimulation of unaffected body parts can minimize pain and the order of exercises used in training programs. Whereas fatigue has non-local or crossover effects, we have just published an article demonstrating that while a muscle group treated with a conditioning exercise can experience post-activation potentiation, the contralateral muscle experiences fatigue. These findings highlight the specific and differing responses of peripheral (muscle) and (central) neural components to a bout of exercise. It may be possible to elicit neuromuscular potentiation in non-local, non-conditioned muscles which would demonstrate the extent of central inhibitory and excitatory effects. Considering the importance and relevance of this topic, more research is needed to clarify the physiological mechanisms, extent of the effects using adequate methods, and with an attempt to account for some of the described confounding variables.

我们的实验室已经从事疲劳（交叉疲劳），柔韧性和疼痛的影响（影响另一个身体部位表现的一个身体部位的压力）的工作。我们最近发表的评论（Halperin等人，2015年）表明，当下半身（主要是股四头肌）而不是上半身测试时，非本地肌肉疲劳（NLMF）效应更为主导。这种偏好可能反映了上身和下半身神经网络的差异。有证据表明NLMF效应主要归因于神经系统机制，但是存在生化，生物力学和心理因素也影响了结果，并且可能相互关联。在这个主题上仍然有很多问题。最近，我们对提交的论文进行了修订，该文章表明NLMF更普遍，青少年男性影响上半身的力量，跳高高度和平衡表现。对侧肢体的下降几乎与疲劳的肢体一样强调神经系统在男性青年中的重要作用。我们最近还发表了一项唯一的研究，该研究表明，在这一组中，NLMF效应不太明显（Reid etal。2016）。没有研究将对侧与同侧非局部反应进行比较，这将有助于强调神经疲劳途径。这种研究增强了我们对基本肌肉疲劳机制的理解。对于那些因中风而受到局部收缩屈曲的人，或者如果不受影响的身体部位刺激可以最大程度地减少疼痛和训练计划中使用的运动顺序，我们的灵活性和疼痛的非本地变化可能是重要的发现。尽管疲劳具有非本地或交叉效应，但我们刚刚发表了一篇文章，表明，虽然接受调节运动治疗的肌肉群可以体验激活后增强，但对侧肌肉经历疲劳。这些发现突出了外围（肌肉）和（中央）神经成分对运动的特定和不同的反应。可能会引起非本地，非条件肌肉的神经肌肉增强，这将证明中心抑制性和兴奋性作用的程度。考虑到该主题的重要性和相关性，需要进行更多的研究来阐明生理机制，使用足够方法的效果，并试图说明一些所描述的混杂变量。