Information, uncertainty, and adaptive phenotypic variation

信息、不确定性和适应性表型变异

• 批准号: RGPIN-2018-04358
• 负责人: Mathot, Kimberley
• 金额: $ 2.4万
• 依托单位: University of Alberta
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2020-01-01 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=710145
• 关键词: Information; uncertainty; adaptive; phenotypic; variation

My research addresses two fundamental questions in ecology and evolution; what are the causes of phenotypic variation, and what are its consequences? While many theoretical models have been developed to explain complex patterns of phenotypic variation, such models typically assume that individuals are omniscient. In other words, that animals have perfect information about the costs and benefits of exhibiting a given phenotype in a given environment. However, virtually all animal decision-making involves uncertainty. Some uncertainty arises through stochastic processes and is therefore irreducible, while other types of uncertainty can be reduced by investing time and/or energy in sampling relevant environmental cues. The proposed research program will explore the role of uncertainty (both reducible and irreducible) in shaping animal decision-making and patterns of phenotypic variation. This will be done using black-capped chickadees (Poecile atricapillus) and peregrine falcons (Falco peregrinus) as the two main model systems. Over the next 5 years, I will address the following short-term objectives: 1. How and why do animals value different types of information. We will study how individuals differ in their response to different modalities of information about predation danger (e.g., auditory versus visual cues), and develop and test models that explore the drivers of among-individual differences in the use of personal versus social information. 2. Understanding the consequences of irreducible uncertainty across different temporal scales. We will study responses to uncertainty across different time scales (e.g., moment to moment, within seasons, across years), and evaluate the adaptive value of these responses. 3. Adopt an integrative approach to study strategies for managing uncertainty. Do sampling, insurance, and variance-sensitivity, represent expressions of the same latent variable (i.e., response to uncertainty), or are they three independent traits? We will combine results across complementary studies to better understand the underlying structure of responses to uncertainty. Significance This research program will address fundamental questions in ecology and evolution relating to the causes and consequences of phenotypic variation. More specifically, it will begin to address the role that environmental uncertainty plays in shaping complex patterns of phenotypic variation. Further, this research program will provide training opportunities to 31 HQP at the undergraduate, MSc, PhD and PDF levels over the next 5 years. By increasing our understanding of the factors that shape the way that organisms manage uncertainty, including their responses to both reducible and irreducible uncertainty, this research program will provide insights into how animals may be expected to respond to changing environmental conditions.

我的研究解决了生态和进化方面的两个基本问题。表型变异的原因是什么，其后果是什么？尽管已经开发出许多理论模型来解释表型变异的复杂模式，但这种模型通常假定个人是无所不知的。换句话说，动物具有有关在给定环境中表现出给定表型的成本和收益的完美信息。但是，几乎所有动物决策都涉及不确定性。通过随机过程产生了一些不确定性，因此是不可还原的，而通过投入时间和/或能量来对相关的环境提示进行投资和/或能量可以减少其他类型的不确定性。拟议的研究计划将探讨不确定性（可简化和不可还原）在塑造动物决策和表型变化模式中的作用。这将使用黑封山雀（Poecile Atricapillus）和Peregrine Falcons（Falco Peregrinus）作为两个主要模型系统来完成。 在接下来的5年中，我将解决以下短期目标： 1。动物如何以及为什么重视不同类型的信息。我们将研究个体如何在对捕食危险的不同信息方式（例如听觉与视觉提示）中的反应中有所不同，并开发和测试模型，以探讨个人在个人信息和社会信息中使用方面的个体差异的驱动力。 2.了解不同时间尺度上不可还原不确定性的后果。我们将研究对不同时间尺度的不确定性的反应（例如，瞬间，在季节内，多年），并评估这些反应的自适应价值。 3.采用综合方法来研究管理不确定性的策略。采样，保险和差异 - 敏感性是否代表同一潜在变量的表达（即对不确定性的响应），还是它们是三个独立特征？我们将在互补研究中结合结果，以更好地了解不确定性反应的潜在结构。 意义 该研究计划将解决与表型变异的原因和后果有关的生态和进化中的基本问题。更具体地说，它将开始解决环境不确定性在塑造表型变化复杂模式中发挥的作用。此外，该研究计划将在未来5年内为本科，MSC，PhD和PDF水平的31个HQP提供培训机会。通过增加我们对塑造生物体管理不确定性方式的因素的理解，包括它们对可减少和不可还原不确定性的反应，该研究计划将提供有关如何预期动物对环境状况变化的反应的见解。