Phosphorus transformation and transport from fertilizers and manures

化肥和粪肥中磷的转化和运输

• 批准号: RGPIN-2016-05885
• 负责人: Akinremi, Olalekan
• 金额: $ 1.75万
• 依托单位: University of Manitoba
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2020-01-01 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=710015
• 关键词: Phosphorus; transformation; transport; fertilizers; manures

Phosphorus (P) is an essential element for all forms of life including agricultural crops.The soil supply of P is augmented by fertilizer addition to ensure economic yield. However, the fertilizer use efficiency of P by agricultural crops rarely exceeds 20% in the year of application. Increasing the efficiency of fertilizer P by manipulating the chemistry of the fertilizer band will produce both agronomic and environmental benefits. This is through a reduction in P fertilizer and residual soil P thereby reducing the risk of P loss to surface waters. For example, in 2013, Lake Winnipeg, the 10th largest body of freshwater and 3rd largest reservoir of hydroelectric in the world, was declared as the “Threatened Lake of the Year” by the Global Nature Fund. There is therefore an urgent need to better understand the dynamics of P in agricultural soils to aid the establishment of practices that effectively reduce the loss of P from soils to surface waters. My research program investigates the transport and transformation of P in soil following additions of fertilizers and manures. For the next 5-year cycle, I propose a series of innovative studies on fertilizer and manure P that will address some of the agronomic and environmental challenges of managing P. In the area of agronomy, my long-term objective is to generate a better understanding of soil P dynamics that can be used to significantly increase the efficiency of fertilizer P. Studies that my group has conducted to date have shown that the mobility and solubility of P is increased by the co-application of sulfate salts with P. We have also discovered that the species of P that are formed in model soils was influenced by sulfate salt. We therefore need to identify and quantify the species of P formed in real soils and relate these to increased solubility of P when sulfate salts are added to P. My HQP and I will study the relationship between soil properties and response to sulfate salts and develop a sulfate salt response index for agricultural soils. I will use chemical equilibrium model to provide mechanistic information on P sorption and precipitation in soils. We will compare the movement and solubility of P from different animal manure bands to that of P fertilizer. The information that we generate will aid our efforts at finding the right formula for improving fertilizer use efficiency of P and the management of manure P. If P use efficiency is increased by 10%, for example, there is a saving of $60 million per annum by Canadian farmers in P fertilizer cost. This 5-year cycle of Discovery Grant research will support the training of 2 PhD and 3 MSc students who will gain skills in the area of P chemistry and the use of modern spectroscopic techniques. They will be desirable employees as scientists in government labs and departments, academics, and fertilizer industry. Because of the increasing importance of P across different jurisdictions, Canada needs more people trained in this area.

磷（P）是所有形式的生命农作物的重要元素。但是，肥料的土壤支持，肥料在施用一年中使用了p的效力。肥料带的化学和益处。世界上的水力发电，“全球国家”。在添加肥料和肥料后，我提出了一系列关于PTS的创新研究，研究了PT肥料和肥料的运输和转化。目的是对土壤P动力学有更好的了解，该动态可用于明显肥料的效率。因此，发现PTHAT的含量是硫酸盐盐的影响在土壤中提供有关P ROM的p降水的信息。例如，10％的加拿大农民每年节省6000万美元的肥料成本。化学和现代光谱技术的使用。