Experimental and Numerical Methods for Evaluating Fire Performance of Materials

评估材料防火性能的实验和数值方法

• 批准号: RGPIN-2015-05911
• 负责人: Torvi, David
• 金额: $ 1.6万
• 依托单位: University of Saskatchewan
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2020-01-01 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=708677
• 关键词: Experimental; Numerical; Methods; Evaluating; Fire

The long-term objective of this research program is to improve the knowledge of heat and mass transfer in materials subjected to high heat fluxes and temperatures during fires. Understanding heat and mass transfer under these conditions is critical, especially when evaluating fire safety. During this time period, progress will be made towards the overall research objective by focusing on two particular applications, where the literature, industry, regulators and end users indicate the need for improved models, and design and evaluation tools. Mattresses and Consumer Products. While the fire performance of building materials and systems (e.g., walls) and consumer products (e.g., mattresses) is evaluated for regulatory purposes using full-scale tests, such tests are very expensive and there are limited test facilities. Methods to predict full-scale fire behavior using small-scale tests would significantly reduce costs of fire testing for designers, manufacturers and regulators. However, reliable scaling methods do not currently exist. Our group has identified scaling methods with the potential to predict full-scale fire performance of polyurethane foam found in mattresses and other consumer products. These methods will be refined to better predict fire growth, and a flame spread model will be developed, along with recommended small scale test procedures for generating input data for the scaling models. Scaling methods for complete solid-core mattresses will be developed, taking into account the interaction of polyurethane foam with fabrics used as covers and fire barriers. Thermal Protective Clothing Our existing heat transfer models of single layer protective fabrics will be extended to predict the response of protective fabrics worn by firefighters, which include additional layers to manage moisture movement and increase thermal insulation. Of particular interest are relatively long term, primarily radiant exposures, such as during firefighting outside of a building. Moisture transport, which plays a major role in firefighter safety and comfort, will be added to the models, which will be validated using bench-scale fabric tests. As most standard tests are destructive, non-destructive tests will also be developed to evaluate the continuing performance of in-use clothing. Techniques that our group developed to predict changes in tensile strength using colour and infrared reflectance measurements will be refined, and additional tests will be developed to monitor and predict degradation of moisture transfer properties, thermal protection and other aspects of performance. Degradation due to laundering, abrasion and ultraviolet radiation will also be considered. Research will help better determine when clothing should be replaced, significantly improving safety of firefighters, and workers in the oil and gas, mining and other industries.

该研究计划的长期目标是提高对火灾期间承受高热通量和温度的材料的传热和传质的了解。 了解这些条件下的传热和传质至关重要，尤其是在评估消防安全时。在此期间，将重点关注两个特定应用，在实现总体研究目标方面取得进展，其中文献、行业、监管机构和最终用户表明需要改进模型以及设计和评估工具。 床垫和消费品。 虽然出于监管目的使用全面测试来评估建筑材料和系统（例如墙壁）和消费品（例如床垫）的防火性能，但此类测试非常昂贵且测试设施有限。使用小规模测试来预测全面火灾行为的方法将显着降低设计者、制造商和监管机构的火灾测试成本。然而，目前不存在可靠的缩放方法。 我们的团队已经确定了缩放方法，可以预测床垫和其他消费品中聚氨酯泡沫的全面防火性能。这些方法将得到改进，以更好地预测火灾蔓延，并将开发火焰蔓延模型，以及推荐的小规模测试程序，用于生成缩放模型的输入数据。将开发完整实心床垫的缩放方法，同时考虑聚氨酯泡沫与用作覆盖物和防火屏障的织物的相互作用。 热防护服 我们现有的单层防护织物的传热模型将进行扩展，以预测消防员所穿防护织物的响应，其中包括用于管理水分运动和增强隔热性的附加层。特别令人感兴趣的是相对长期的、主要是辐射暴露，例如在建筑物外的消防期间。水分输送在消防员的安全和舒适性中发挥着重要作用，将被添加到模型中，并通过小规模织物测试进行验证。 由于大多数标准测试都是破坏性的，因此还将开发非破坏性测试来评估使用中服装的持续性能。我们小组开发的使用颜色和红外反射率测量来预测拉伸强度变化的技术将得到改进，并且将开发额外的测试来监测和预测水分传递性能、热防护和其他性能方面的退化。还将考虑由于洗涤、磨损和紫外线辐射而导致的降解。研究将有助于更好地确定何时应该更换衣服，从而显着提高消防员以及石油天然气、采矿和其他行业工人的安全。