Towards Realistic Surgical Simulation and Training Systems

迈向现实的手术模拟和培训系统

• 批准号: RGPIN-2015-04629
• 负责人: Liu, Peter
• 金额: $ 4.23万
• 依托单位: Carleton University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2019-01-01 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=690826
• 关键词: Towards; Realistic; Surgical; Simulation; Training

At present, surgical residents acquire and develop hands-on skills mainly through trials on animals, cadavers and patients. There are, however, obvious disadvantages to these conventional training approaches: animals have different anatomies from humans; cadavers are unable to provide appropriate physiological responses; it is risky when students practice on patients.****    With recent advances in haptics and computer graphics, visual reality based surgical simulation is rapidly emerging and increasingly perceived as a valuable addition to, or replacement of, traditional training methods. Simulators can generate virtual patients with realistic human anatomy and physiological responses, potentially providing a risk-free training environment with the possibility of unlimited training over a wide range of pathologies. In addition to these benefits, new and complex surgical procedures can be practiced safely on a simulator before proceeding to patients; students can practice on their own schedules; training sessions can be stored and later reviewed by physicians.****    While a small number of companies are starting to offer surgical simulation training systems of varying quality, no simulators are able to provide a sufficiently high degree of resemblance to real-life surgery. There still exist numerous fundamental challenges and technical difficulties, such as the dexterity of haptic interfaces, accuracy of virtual patient models, collision modelling, real-time and immersive visualization of the operating scene, etc. ***    In this research, we propose to develop principles, algorithms and tools that are essential to realize highly realistic surgical simulation, enabling medical institutions to train surgeons using simulators. Due to the broad scope of potential research topics, we limit our efforts to a subset of problems including: 1. haptic feedback, 2. tissue modelling, and 3.validation criteria. At the end, the anticipated results will be integrated and validated by the development of a cricothyroidotomy simulator.***

目前，外科住院医师主要通过动物、尸体和患者的试验来获得和培养动手能力，但这些传统的训练方法存在明显的缺点：动物的解剖结构与人类不同，无法提供适当的生理反应。 ; 当学生在患者身上进行练习时，这是有风险的。****      随着触觉和计算机图形学的最新进展，基于视觉现实的手术模拟正在迅速兴起，并越来越被认为是传统培训方法的有价值的补充或替代。可以生成具有真实人体解剖学和生理反应的虚拟患者，有可能提供无风险的培训环境，并可以对各种病理进行无限制的培训。除了这些好处之外，还可以在计算机上安全地进行新的复杂的外科手术。在对患者进行手术之前可以使用模拟器；学生可以按照自己的时间表进行练习，并且可以存储培训课程并随后由医生进行审查。**** 虽然少数公司开始提供不同质量的手术模拟培训系统，但没有模拟器能够提供与现实手术足够高的相似度仍然存在许多基本挑战和技术困难，例如触觉界面的灵巧性、虚拟患者模型的准确性、碰撞建模、手术场景的实时和沉浸式可视化。等***      在这项研究中，我们建议开发实现高度逼真的手术模拟所必需的原理、算法和工具，使医疗机构能够使用模拟器来培训外科医生。对于潜在的研究主题，我们将我们的努力限制在一小部分问题上，包括：1. 触觉反馈，2. 组织建模，3. 验证标准最后，预期的结果将通过环甲膜切开术的开发进行整合和验证。模拟器.***