HALO-1kT at LNGS

LNGS 的 HALO-1kT

• 批准号: SAPPJ-2019-00055
• 负责人: Virtue, Clarence
• 金额: $ 4.74万
• 依托单位: Laurentian University of Sudbury
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Subatomic Physics Envelope - Project
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2019-01-01 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=691332
• 关键词: HALO; 1kT; LNGS

A type II supernova is powered by the energy liberated in the gravitational collapse of the core of a massive star. Post core collapse, the initially very hot proto-neutron star cools primarily by the emission of neutrinos, of all flavours, roughly equally partitioned. In fact, about 99% of the initial gravitational potential energy is released in a short burst of ~10 MeV neutrinos over a few tens of seconds. The measurement of the time evolution of the neutrino luminosity, flavour partition, and average energy is a direct window into supernova dynamics though a gravitational wave is also anticipated. The nuclear physics of lead, as a target material for the supernova neutrinos, provides for a dominant sensitivity to charged current (CC) interactions of the electron neutrino flux; complete insensitivity to CC interactions of the electron antineutrino flux; and minor sensitivity to all neutrino flavours through neutral current excitation channels. A detailed understanding of supernova dynamics is at the forefront of large-scale computational physics efforts and, when combined with observational data, offers the possibility of extracting fundamental neutrino properties as well as advancing our understanding of the supernova mechanism, heavy element nucleosynthesis, and other astrophysical questions.******HALO-1kT is a proposed lead-based supernova neutrino detector to be constructed at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS) in Italy. It is an evolution of the successful, but smaller, HALO detector at SNOLAB. HALO-1kT is expected to outperform HALO by a factor of 25 in sensitivity. The scientific collaboration is Canadian-led with major participation by Italian and American groups. This SAP Project grant application is for stable and adequate funding for the Canadian group through the finalization of the full Experimental Proposal; the application for capital funding through CFI; and studies and preparations for experiment deployment. HALO-1kT is timely and possible due to the experience gained in the construction and operation of HALO at SNOLAB; the availability of 1000 tonnes of lead from the OPERA experiment and the enthusiasm at LNGS to re-invigorate their supernova detection capabilities; and the end of the American moratorium on the distribution of He-3 and its availability once again through the DOE Isotope Program. Neither HALO nor HALO-1kT can be claimed to be fully understood and calibrated until the neutrino-lead cross sections are known at supernova-relevant energies. A component of the funds requested here will support a measurement of these cross sections at Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Spallation Neutron Source. However, the bulk of the support for the cross section measurement is coming from a combination of the McDonald Institute (MI), Laurentian University, INFN, University of Washington, LNGS, and SNOLAB and a CFI-JELF submission in preparation. *****

II型超新星是由在巨大恒星核心的重力崩溃中释放的能量提供的。核心后崩溃，最初非常热的原始中子星主要通过中微子的发射，所有口味的发射，大致分配。实际上，在几十秒钟内，大约99％的初始重力势能在〜10 meV中微子的短爆发中释放出来。尽管也预计引力波，但中微子发光度，风味分配和平均能量的时间演变的测量是直接进入超新星动力学的窗口。铅的核物理学是超新星中微子的靶材料，为电子中微子通量的带电电流（CC）相互作用提供了显着敏感性；对电子抗毒剂通量的CC相互作用完全不敏感；通过中性电流激发通道对所有中微子口味的敏感性很小。对超新星动力学的详细了解是大规模计算物理学工作的最前沿，当与观察数据结合使用时，可以提取基本中微子特性，并促进我们对超新星机制，重型元素核合成的理解，以及其他的理解天体物理问题。****** halo-1kt是一个拟议的基于铅的超新星中微子检测器，该检测器是在意大利的实验室nazionali del Gran Sasso（LNG）建造的。这是Snolab成功但较小的光环探测器的演变。 Halo-1kt预计敏感性将胜过25倍。 科学合作是由加拿大领导的，意大利和美国团体的主要参与。该SAP项目赠款申请是通过完成完整的实验提案的最终确定为加拿大集团稳定且足够的资金；通过CFI申请资本资金；以及实验部署的研究和准备。由于Snolab在Halo的建设和操作中获得的经验，Halo-1kt是及时的，并且可能是可能的。从歌剧实验中获得了1000吨铅的可用性，以及LNG的热情重新启动其超新星检测能力；美国暂停HE-3及其可用性的暂停结束，再次通过DOE同位素计划。 直到与超新星相关的能量已知中微子铅横截面之前，都无法对Halo和Halo-1kt完全理解和校准。 此处要求的资金的一个组成部分将支持在橡树岭国家实验室的散布中子源中对这些横截面的测量。 但是，对横截面测量的大部分支持来自麦当劳研究所（MI），劳伦斯大学，INFN，华盛顿大学，LNGS和Snolab的组合以及准备准备的CFI-jelf提交。 *****