Development of photoelectrochemical DNA biosensors based on plasmonic/photoelectrochemcial interactions

基于等离子体/光电化学相互作用的光电化学DNA生物传感器的开发

• 批准号: RGPIN-2016-06362
• 负责人: Soleymani, Leyla
• 金额: $ 3.93万
• 依托单位: McMaster University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2019-01-01 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=690446
• 关键词: Development; photoelectrochemical; DNA; biosensors; based

Biosensors are devices used to detect and/or quantify biological analytes such as nucleic acids, proteins, and metabolites for managing diseases and monitoring health. Handheld biosensors that bring this analytical capability to the patients' bedsides, patients' homes, local clinics, and in general, the point-of-care, are envisioned to significantly improve the quality of healthcare while reducing its cost by enabling preventive, expedited, and patient-centered clinical decision making. Nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA are important predictive, early diagnosis, and treatment selection and monitoring biomarkers, and there is an ongoing effort towards creating handheld nucleic acid biosensors. In spite of these efforts, there are currently no commercially-available handheld nucleic acid biosensors, similar in functionality to electrochemical glucose monitors, for disease management. The difficulty in creating handheld nucleic acid biosensors is that on one hand, they are required to meet the sensitivity, specificity and multiplexing required for clinical decision making; and, on the other hand, they need to offer these through portable, rapid, easy-to-use, and inexpensive platforms that are suitable for use in non-laboratory settings. Developing new knowledge in the field of photoelectrochemical signal transduction for addressing the requirements of handheld nucleic acid biosensors is at the center of this research program.***Photoelectrochemical nucleic acid biosensors use photo-active materials to translate nucleic acid hybridization into changes in electrical currents. These devices offer a larger signal-to-noise ratio compared to their widely-explored electrochemical counterparts that use electrical signals for excitation and measurement. Furthermore, given that signal readout is done electrically, photoelectrochemical sensors still benefit from the ease of multiplexing and the inexpensive readout instrumentation available to electrochemical devices. We propose to develop a novel photoelectrochemical biosensor based on the newly discovered short range (<20 nm) interactions between photoelectrochemical and plasmonic materials. In this sensing strategy, nucleic acid hybridization causes a plasmonic nanoparticle to be removed from the vicinity of the photoelectrochemical material, which will generate an increase in the generated photoelectrochemical current. Furthermore, built-in signal amplification strategies, based on DNA self-assembly, will be incorporated for the first time within this class of biosensors to enhance the generated current and the analytical sensitivity of the device. The proposed research will allow us to generate new knowledge for developing the first multiplexed nucleic acid biosensor based on photoelectrochemical/plasmonic interactions, for meeting the requirements of point-of-care biosensors.

生物传感器是用于检测和/或量化生物分析物（例如核酸、蛋白质和代谢物）的设备，用于管理疾病和监测健康。手持式生物传感器将这种分析能力带到患者的床边、患者家中、当地诊所以及一般的护理点，预计将显着提高医疗保健质量，同时通过实现预防性、快速、以及以患者为中心的临床决策。 DNA 和 RNA 等核酸是重要的预测、早期诊断、治疗选择和监测生物标志物，人们正在不断努力创建手持式核酸生物传感器。尽管做出了这些努力，但目前还没有用于疾病管理的商用手持式核酸生物传感器，其功能与电化学葡萄糖监测仪类似。制造手持式核酸生物传感器的难点在于，一方面需要满足临床决策所需的灵敏度、特异性和多重性；另一方面，需要满足临床决策所需的灵敏度、特异性和多重性。另一方面，他们需要通过适合在非实验室环境中使用的便携式、快速、易于使用且廉价的平台来提供这些服务。开发光电化学信号转导领域的新知识以满足手持式核酸生物传感器的要求是该研究项目的核心。***光电化学核酸生物传感器使用光活性材料将核酸杂交转化为电流的变化。与广泛探索的使用电信号进行激励和测量的电化学设备相比，这些设备提供了更大的信噪比。此外，由于信号读出是通过电气方式完成的，光电化学传感器仍然受益于易于多路复用和电化学设备可用的廉价读出仪器。我们建议基于新发现的光电化学和等离子体材料之间的短程（<20 nm）相互作用开发一种新型光电化学生物传感器。在这种传感策略中，核酸杂交导致等离子体纳米颗粒从光电化学材料附近去除，这将导致所产生的光电化学电流增加。此外，基于 DNA 自组装的内置信号放大策略将首次纳入此类生物传感器中，以增强设备产生的电流和分析灵敏度。拟议的研究将使我们能够产生新的知识，用于开发第一个基于光电化学/等离子体相互作用的多重核酸生物传感器，以满足即时生物传感器的要求。