Development of photoelectrochemical DNA biosensors based on plasmonic/photoelectrochemcial interactions

基于等离子体/光电化学相互作用的光电化学DNA生物传感器的开发

• 批准号: RGPIN-2016-06362
• 负责人: Soleymani, Leyla
• 金额: $ 3.93万
• 依托单位: McMaster University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2019-01-01 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=690446
• 关键词: Development; photoelectrochemical; DNA; biosensors; based

Biosensors are devices used to detect and/or quantify biological analytes such as nucleic acids, proteins, and metabolites for managing diseases and monitoring health. Handheld biosensors that bring this analytical capability to the patients' bedsides, patients' homes, local clinics, and in general, the point-of-care, are envisioned to significantly improve the quality of healthcare while reducing its cost by enabling preventive, expedited, and patient-centered clinical decision making. Nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA are important predictive, early diagnosis, and treatment selection and monitoring biomarkers, and there is an ongoing effort towards creating handheld nucleic acid biosensors. In spite of these efforts, there are currently no commercially-available handheld nucleic acid biosensors, similar in functionality to electrochemical glucose monitors, for disease management. The difficulty in creating handheld nucleic acid biosensors is that on one hand, they are required to meet the sensitivity, specificity and multiplexing required for clinical decision making; and, on the other hand, they need to offer these through portable, rapid, easy-to-use, and inexpensive platforms that are suitable for use in non-laboratory settings. Developing new knowledge in the field of photoelectrochemical signal transduction for addressing the requirements of handheld nucleic acid biosensors is at the center of this research program.***Photoelectrochemical nucleic acid biosensors use photo-active materials to translate nucleic acid hybridization into changes in electrical currents. These devices offer a larger signal-to-noise ratio compared to their widely-explored electrochemical counterparts that use electrical signals for excitation and measurement. Furthermore, given that signal readout is done electrically, photoelectrochemical sensors still benefit from the ease of multiplexing and the inexpensive readout instrumentation available to electrochemical devices. We propose to develop a novel photoelectrochemical biosensor based on the newly discovered short range (<20 nm) interactions between photoelectrochemical and plasmonic materials. In this sensing strategy, nucleic acid hybridization causes a plasmonic nanoparticle to be removed from the vicinity of the photoelectrochemical material, which will generate an increase in the generated photoelectrochemical current. Furthermore, built-in signal amplification strategies, based on DNA self-assembly, will be incorporated for the first time within this class of biosensors to enhance the generated current and the analytical sensitivity of the device. The proposed research will allow us to generate new knowledge for developing the first multiplexed nucleic acid biosensor based on photoelectrochemical/plasmonic interactions, for meeting the requirements of point-of-care biosensors.

生物传感器是用于检测和/或量化生物分析物（例如核酸，蛋白质和代谢产物）的设备，用于管理疾病和监测健康。设想将这种分析能力带给患者的卧床，患者的房屋，当地诊所以及服务点的手持式生物传感器，可以显着提高医疗保健质量，同时通过实现预防性，加速和患者为中心的临床决策来降低其成本。核酸（例如DNA和RNA）是重要的预测性，早期诊断以及治疗选择和监测生物标志物，并且在创建手持核酸生物传感器方面存在持续的努力。尽管有这些努力，但目前尚无商业上可用的手持核酸生物传感器，功能与电化学葡萄糖监测器相似，用于疾病管理。产生手持核酸生物传感器的困难在于，一方面，它们必须满足临床决策所需的灵敏度，特异性和多路复用；而且，另一方面，他们需要通过可移植，快速，易于使用和廉价的平台提供这些产品，这些平台适用于非实验室设置。在该研究计划的核心中，在光电化学信号转导的领域中发展新知识是解决手持核酸生物传感器的需求。***光电化学核酸生物传感器使用光活性材料将核酸杂交转化为电气管变化的变化。与使用电信号进行激发和测量的广泛探索的电化学对应物相比，这些设备提供了更大的信号噪声比。此外，鉴于信号读数是用电完成的，光电化学传感器仍然受益于多路复用和廉价读取仪器可用于电化学设备。我们建议基于新发现的光电化学生物传感器，基于新发现的光电化学材料和等离子材料之间的短距离（<20 nm）相互作用。在这种传感策略中，核酸杂交导致等离子体纳米颗粒从光电化学材料附近去除，这将产生产生的光电化学电流的增加。此外，基于DNA自组装的内置信号放大策略将首次在这类生物传感器中纳入，以增强设备的生成电流和分析灵敏度。拟议的研究将使我们能够基于光电化学/等离激元相互作用来开发第一个多重核酸生物传感器，以满足保健生物传感器的要求。