Characterization of Crustacean Innate Immune Response

甲壳动物先天免疫反应的表征

• 批准号: RGPIN-2018-05894
• 负责人: Clark, Kenneth
• 金额: $ 3.42万
• 依托单位: Dalhousie University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2019-01-01 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=689440
• 关键词: Characterization; Crustacean; Innate; Immune; Response

A broad understanding of animal immunology requires understanding the diversity of specialized immune-related molecules in species from diverse evolutionary linages. This is especially true for innate immune responses which are fundamental immunological processes shared by vertebrate and invertebrate animals. However, our current understanding of innate immunity is focused on model organisms such as humans and mice; where extensive genomic resources exist. Our understanding of the breadth and scope of innate immune responses in non-model species has been limited by our inability to use high-through genomic approaches. Recent advances in genomic sequencing technology permit the comprehensive examination and discovery of immune-related transcripts in non-model organisms. Novel immune molecule discovery will require pathogen challenge experiments accompanied by differential expression and bioinformatic analysis and directed functional assays to comprehensively assign biological function.***The Arthropoda phylum encompasses the most abundant and biologically successful animals on earth; with the oceans dominated by diverse species of crustaceans. Comparative innate immunology in invertebrates has largely focused on terrestrial invertebrates such as Drosophila spp. This has left major gaps in our knowledge of crustacean immunology. Traditional approaches to crustacean immunology relied on light and electron microscopy approaches. The application of high-throughput sequencing approaches holds great promise for significantly expanding our understanding of invertebrate immunology.***I have recently generated multiple transcriptomes of the American lobster (Homarus americanus) under pathogen and environmental stress challenges; as well as transcriptomes from several crustacean species which share habitats with H. americanus. These transcriptomic resources represent an exciting basis for examining comparative immunology at both the bioinformatic and functional level. ***The long-term goals of my research program focus on understanding the capabilities and mechanisms underlying crustacean innate immunity. I have three major objectives for this proposal:***Objective 1. To determine the conservation and diversity of pattern recognition receptors, Toll-like receptor and Immunodeficiency intracellular signaling molecules and antimicrobial peptides among decapod crustaceans. ***Objective 2. To discover and functionally annotate American lobster (Homarus americanus) genes involved in responding to bacterial infection. ***Objective 3. To characterize the bioactivity of antimicrobial peptides against a panel of specific and opportunistic pathogens of marine crustaceans.***These studies will broaden our understanding of the physiological mechanisms underlying Homarus americanus innate immunity specifically, and invertebrate immunology more broadly.*****

对动物免疫学的广泛理解需要了解各种进化线条中特殊免疫相关分子的多样性。对于脊椎动物和无脊椎动物共有的基本免疫过程，天生的免疫反应尤其如此。但是，我们目前对先天免疫的理解集中在人类和小鼠等模型生物上。存在广泛的基因组资源。我们对非模型物种先天免疫反应的广度和范围的理解受到了我们无法使用高通道基因组方法的限制。基因组测序技术的最新进展允许在非模型生物中的全面检查和发现与免疫相关的转录本。新型免疫分子发现将需要病原体挑战实验，并伴随着差异表达和生物信息学分析，并定向功能测定以全面分配生物学功能。海洋由多种甲壳类动物主导。无脊椎动物中的比较先天免疫学主要集中在果蝇等陆生无脊椎动物上。这在我们对甲壳类免疫学的了解中留下了重大差距。甲壳类免疫学的传统方法依赖于光和电子显微镜方法。高通量测序方法的应用有很大的希望，可以显着扩大我们对无脊椎动物免疫学的理解。以及来自甲壳类动物的转录组，它们与H. Americanus共享栖息地。这些转录组资源代表了在生物信息学和功能水平上检查比较免疫学的令人兴奋的基础。 ***我的研究计划的长期目标集中在理解甲壳类天然免疫力的能力和机制上。我有三个主要目标：***目标1。确定模式识别受体的保守性和多样性，收费样受体和免疫缺陷性细胞内信号分子和decapod甲壳类动物之间的抗菌肽。 ***目标2。发现并在功能上注释美国龙虾（Homarus Americanus）基因，涉及对细菌感染的反应。 ***目的3。为了表征抗菌肽对海洋甲壳动物的特定和机会性病原体的生物活性。***这些研究将扩大我们对美国homarus Americanus先天免疫的生理机制的理解，并具有更广泛的无脊椎免疫学。