Biodiversity patterns in disturbed landscapes

受干扰景观中的生物多样性模式

• 批准号: RGPIN-2019-04503
• 负责人: Poulin, Monique
• 金额: $ 2.91万
• 依托单位: Université Laval
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2019-01-01 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=687563
• 关键词: Biodiversity; patterns; disturbed; landscapes

The homogenization of plant communities across space and time, associated with the current biodiversity crisis, is increasingly documented for natural habitats located in urban matrices. Yet, predicting when homogenization will occur and identifying its causes require further investigation for successful conservation planning. ******My research program aims to understand how natural habitats isolated in anthropogenic landscapes are being transformed. Over the next five years, I will use multiple approaches based on both taxonomic and functional (plant traits) aspects of diversity. First, I will study forests and wetlands to assess whether stress regime, such as waterlogged conditions, can modulate the response of communities to urban development. In districts with low and high urbanization levels, I will compare forests, intact swamps, and swamps that have been affected by drainage, such as those disconnected from their hydrological recharge by road construction. I hypothesize that mesic forest flora will become more homogenized with urbanization, whereas forested wetland flora will diversify. For the latter, the release of environmental stress (waterlogged conditions) will indeed create new conditions for species establishment for which plant propagules will be supplied by the urban matrix. Over time, wetland and mesic forest floras will become more similar.******Second, I will compare forests of residential and industrial sectors to assess the impacts of fine variations of urban disturbance types. These sectors may have similar ratios of green vs impervious areas, yet may differ in respect to air quality, pollinator activity, as well as citizens' behavior. In addition to standard plant surveys, I will sample lichens as bioindicators of air pollution. In a phytometer experiment, individuals of three species will be transplanted in several forests of residential and industrial sectors and used as sentinel plants for measuring pollinator activity. Paths will be used as a proxy for detecting citizens' use of forests. I hypothesize that in situ disturbance (citizens' visits) in residential sectors is a stronger driver of taxonomic homogenization than land-use in the surrounding matrix, but that pollution and reduced pollination prevailing in industrial developments are factors associated with functional homogenization. ******Third, I will use historical data from Baillargeon (1981) to study changes in species composition for a variety of habitats within the Québec City plateau. Replicates of forests, escarpments, railways and Power-line ROW, and coastal marshes will be selected and resurveyed. I hypothesize that homogenization/differentiation will depend on two important gradients across original habitats: original naturalness and environmental stress. This research program addresses crucial questions about biodiversity distribution and aims to increase our ability to effectively guide conservation and management decisions in human-modified landscapes.*****

与当前的生物多样性危机相关的植物群落在空间和时间上的同质化越来越多地记录在城市基质中的自然栖息地中，但是，预测同质化何时发生并确定其原因需要进一步调查以制定成功的保护规划***。 ***我的研究计划旨在了解人类景观中孤立的自然栖息地如何发生变化，在接下来的五年中，我将使用基于多样性的分类学和功能（植物性状）方面的多种方法。森林和湿地来评估压力是否在城市化水平低和高的地区，我将比较森林、完整的沼泽和受到排水影响的沼泽，例如那些与水文脱节的沼泽。我认为，随着城市化的发展，湿地森林植物区系将变得更加均匀，而森林湿地植物区系将变得多样化，对于后者来说，环境压力（涝渍条件）的释放确实会产生。植物繁殖体将由城市基质提供的物种建立的新条件 随着时间的推移，湿地和中等森林植物区系将变得更加相似。******其次，我将比较住宅区和工业区的森林来评估。这些区域的绿色区域与不渗透区域的比例可能相似，但在空气质量、传粉媒介活动以及公民行为方面可能有所不同。除了标准植物调查外，我还将进行抽样。地衣作为在植物计实验中，三个物种的个体将被移植到住宅和工业部门的几个森林中，并用作测量传粉媒介活动的哨兵植物，路径将用作检测公民对森林的使用的代理。我热切地认为，与周围矩阵中的土地利用相比，住宅区的原地干扰（公民的访问）是分类同质化的更强有力的驱动因素，但工业发展中普遍存在的污染和授粉减少是与功能相关的因素。 ******第三，我将使用 Baillargeon (1981) 的历史数据来研究魁北克市高原内各种栖息地的物种组成变化，复制森林、悬崖、铁路和输电线。我认为，同质化/分化将取决于原始栖息地的两个重要梯度：原始自然性和环境压力。分布，旨在提高我们在人类改造景观中有效指导保护和管理决策的能力。*****