Generation of non-classical electromagnetic field by a coherent conductor / Génération de champ électromagnétique non classique par un conducteur cohérent

由相干导体产生非经典电磁场 / Génération de champ électromagnétique non classique par unconducteur cohérent

• 批准号: RGPIN-2016-04400
• 负责人: Reulet, Bertrand
• 金额: $ 2.91万
• 依托单位: Université de Sherbrooke
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2019-01-01 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=687740
• 关键词: Generation; non; classical; electromagnetic; field

Progress in the industry of micro-electronics have made possible the fabrication of components of submicron size. Many experiments have been performed to measure the average current in such nanostructures. More subtle, but much more difficult are the measurements of the fluctuations of the current, usually nicknamed “noise”. The behavior of electrons in small conductors at low temperature cannot be explained by usual laws of physics, valid in the macroscopic world at room temperature: instead, one has to invoke quantum mechanics to understand laws of electricity in such conditions. This is true not only for the current but also for the noise. However the noise, fluctuating voltage and current, is nothing but a fluctuating electromagnetic field, i.e. light. Noise is here considered in the microwave domain and in circuits, while light is usually associated with much higher frequencies and propagation in free space, but they are the same. And quantum mechanics applied to light is a branch of physics, called quantum optics.***The goal of this research program is precisely to explore and harness what kind of quantum optical signals can be generated by electrons in conductors. In particular, can one apply our knowledge of quantum electronic transport in nanostructures to the generation of microwave radiation with quantum properties useful for the processing of information ? While there is a huge effort to engineer quantum radiation using the usual principles of quantum optics, applied for example to superconductors, can one use the principles of quantum electronics in normal metals or semiconductors to achieve similar goals ?***Three main directions will be explored in this research program:***1) the generation of non-Gaussian states of light, known for being resources for quantum information processing. In a macroscopic sample, most random phenomena are described by the Gauss law. Not in quantum conductors. How does that imprint on the emitted radiation ?***2) feedback is an ubiquitous engineering technique that consist of measuring a system and use the result of the measurement to react on the system, in order to steer its behavior. Can one enhance the quantum character of noise by feedback ?***3) quantum aspects fade when the temperature approaches the relevant energy scale of a system, such as the gap in superconductors. In normal conductors, this energy scale is huge, so one should be able to generate quantum signals of very high frequency at relatively high temperature. For this, novel sources and detectors will be designed.

微电子学行业的进展使得量子量的组成部分成为可能。已经进行了许多实验以测量此类纳米结构中的平均电流。更微妙，但更困难的是电流通常被昵称为“噪声”的测量值。通常在室温下在宏观世界中有效的物理定律，无法解释电子在低温下小型导体中电子的行为：相反，必须调用量子力学才能在这种情况下了解电力定律。这不仅对于电流，而且对于噪声都是正确的。然而，噪声，波动的电压和电流，不过是一个波动的电磁场，即光。这里在微波域和电路中考虑噪声，而光通常与自由空间中更高的频率和传播相关，但它们是相同的。应用于光的量子力学是物理学的一个分支，称为量子光学。特别是，人们可以将纳米结构中量子电子传输的知识应用于具有对信息处理有用的量子性能的微波辐射的产生吗？虽然使用量子光学的通常原理来设计量子辐射，例如应用于超导体，但是否可以使用正常金属或半导体中的量子电子原理来实现类似的目标？****在此研究计划中会探索三个主要方向：**** 1）以非高级的状态进行量子，以获取量子的一代，以获取量子的量子，以获取量子的量子。在宏观样本中，高斯定律描述了大多数随机现象。不在量子导体中。这是如何在发出的辐射上的印记？**** 2）反馈是一种无处不在的工程技术，包括测量系统并使用测量结果来对系统进行反应，以引导其行为。当温度接近系统的相关能量尺度时，例如超导体中的间隙，量子方面可以通过反馈来增强噪声的量子特征？**** 3）量子方面会逐渐消失。在正常导体中，该能量尺度很大，因此应该能够在相对较高的温度下产生非常高频率的量子信号。为此，将设计新颖的来源和探测器。