Novel fluidized bed reactors for thermo-catalytic conversion of biomass residues to bioenergy, biofuels and biochemicals

用于将生物质残渣热催化转化为生物能源、生物燃料和生物化学品的新型流化床反应器

基本信息

批准号：
RGPIN-2017-04443
负责人：
Bi, Xiaotao
金额：
$ 2.7万
依托单位：
University of British Columbia
依托单位国家：
加拿大
项目类别：
Discovery Grants Program - Individual
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
加拿大
起止时间：
2019-01-01 至 2020-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=686981
关键词：
Novel fluidized bed reactors thermo

项目摘要

The three major challenges in the 21st century are food security, climate change and energy sustainability. Bioenergy is one promising renewable energy source, with low net CO2 emissions and potentially sustainable if the economical, environmental and social impacts are properly managed. There are abundant forest and agricultural biomass residues in Canada, with a potential to replace more than 50% fossil fuels currently consumed at BC alone. So far, only less than 20% has been processed into pellets and exported to Europe without benefit to GHG reduction in Canada. Our recent life cycle analysis revealed that exported pellets have ~25% fossil fuel content mostly associated with the ocean transport and densification. The development of clean and economically viable biomass conversion technologies for a domestic market is thus imperative to promote the local utilization of biomass residues in Canada. ****** Higher-value applications of biomass residues for the production of biofuels and biochemicals emerges either through the thermo-catalytic pathway or the biochemical pathway, in which biomass is first deconstructed into intermediates (syngas and bio-oil thermo-catalytically or sugars/extractives bio-chemically), which are then further upgraded to biofuels/chemicals via catalytic/biological reactions or fractionation. The key technical challenges in developing a viable thermo-catalytic pathway are: (1) how to improve the quality of bio-oil, (2) how to reduce the hydrogen demand in bio-oil upgrading, (3) how to remove tar to make clean syngas, (4) how to maximize the selectivity of targeted biofuels and chemicals in the upgrading process from syngas and bio-oil, and (5) how to avoid using fossil-derived hydrogen. ******The long term goal of my research will be centralized in developing novel multiphase reactor technologies for converting abundant forest, agricultural and municipal biomass residues to valuable bioenergy, biofuels and bioproducts, with a minimal environmental footprint. The research will focus on the development of new catalysts and novel reactor technologies to address key challenges in both chemical and thermo-catalytic conversion pathways aiming at breakthroughs in new, value-added and environmentally-friendly products. The proposed research in this Discovery program focuses on: (1) fundamental understanding of a novel microwave-assisted, gas pulsating, solids plug flow fluidized bed reactor for biomass torrefaction and catalytic pyrolysis, enabling the modeling, simulation and scale-up and design of such a novel reactor system; (2) development and characterization of low-cost multi-functional (catalyst, microwave absorber and soil nutrient) catalysts, derived from natural or waste materials, for biomass microwave catalytic pyrolysis and catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides for the treatment of flue gases from district biomass energy systems.

21世纪的三大挑战是粮食安全、气候变化和能源可持续性。生物能源是一种有前景的可再生能源，二氧化碳净排放量低，如果经济、环境和社会影响得到妥善管理，则具有可持续发展的潜力。加拿大拥有丰富的森林和农业生物质残留物，有潜力取代目前仅 BC 省消耗的 50% 以上的化石燃料。到目前为止，只有不到 20% 被加工成颗粒并出口到欧洲，而没有为加拿大的温室气体减排带来好处。我们最近的生命周期分析显示，出口颗粒的化石燃料含量约为 25%，主要与海洋运输和致密化有关。因此，为国内市场开发清洁且经济可行的生物质转化技术对于促进加拿大生物质残留物的本地利用势在必行。 ****** 通过热催化途径或生化途径，生物质残留物用于生产生物燃料和生物化学品的更高价值应用出现，其中生物质首先通过热催化分解为中间体（合成气和生物油）或糖/生物化学提取物），然后通过催化/生物反应或分馏进一步升级为生物燃料/化学品。开发可行的热催化途径的关键技术挑战是：（1）如何提高生物油的质量，（2）如何减少生物油提质中的氢气需求，（3）如何脱除焦油以产生生物油。制造清洁的合成气，（4）如何在合成气和生物油的升级过程中最大限度地提高目标生物燃料和化学品的选择性，以及（5）如何避免使用化石衍生的氢。 ******我研究的长期目标将集中于开发新型多相反应器技术，将丰富的森林、农业和城市生物质残留物转化为有价值的生物能源、生物燃料和生物产品，同时将环境足迹降至最低。该研究将重点开发新型催化剂和新型反应器技术，以解决化学和热催化转化途径中的关键挑战，旨在实现新型、增值和环保产品的突破。该发现计划中拟议的研究重点是：（1）对用于生物质烘焙和催化热解的新型微波辅助、气体脉动、固体活塞流流化床反应器的基本了解，从而能够进行建模、模拟以及放大和设计这种新颖的反应堆系统； (2) 源自天然或废弃材料的低成本多功能（催化剂、微波吸收剂和土壤养分）催化剂的开发和表征，用于生物质微波催化热解和催化还原氮氧化物，以处理区域烟气生物质能源系统。